#3----1 of 77---- A & P Test Questions Review Chapter 2
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49. T F
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass. - F
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50. T F
The positively charged electrons are found in shells outside the nucleus of an atom. - False
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52. T or F
Two shared pair of electrons represent a single covalent bond. - False
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53. T or F
The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction. - True
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54. T or F
The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an aton's outer shell determine its chemical activity. - True
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55. T or F
An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has 2 pairs of electrons. - False
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56. T or F
An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons, but different numbers of protons. - False
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58. T or F
Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom. - True
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59. T or F
Radioactivity can cause the atom of one element to change to that of another element. - True
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60. T or F
Ionizing radiation can be cancer producing. - True
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61. T or F
A covalent bond is one in which electrons are either gained or given away. - False
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62. T or F
Chemical reactions result in changes in the nucleus of atoms. - False
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64. T or F
Substances that resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer. - True
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65. T or F
The chemical reaction of an acid with a base always produces a salt and water. - True
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66. T or F
Water is the universal solvent. - True
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67. T or F
Electrolytes include acids, bases and salts. - True
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68. T or F
All inorganic substances are free of carbon. - False
- 111. Large group of inorganic compounds, including acids, bases, and salts.
- electrolyte
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69. T or F
Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge. - True
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70. T or F
Sodium is an ion with a negative charge. - False
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71. T or F
Acids are electrolytes that produce OH ions. - False
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72. T or F
pH stands for the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. - True
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73. T or F
The chemical reation of a acid with a base always produces a salt and water. - True
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74. T or F
Maltose is a monosaccharide. - False
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75. T or F
Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon containing compounds in the body. - True
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76. T or F
Galactose is the major monosaccharide used by the body. - False
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77. T or F
Glycogen and starach are both examples of polysaccharides. - True
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78. T or F
There are a total of 20 essential amino acids. - False
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79. T or F
"Chemical catalysts" is another name for enxymes. - True
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80. T or F
Enzymes are made up of polysaccharides. - False
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82. T or F
Steroids are often called "tissue hormones". - False
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83. T or F
DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body. - True
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84. T or F
Adenine and thymine are refered to as purine bases which are important constituents of a DNA molecule. - False
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85. T or F
Energy released from the food we eat is used directly by cells to do the body's work. - False
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88. T or F
Sucrose is the most important simple sugar (monosaccharide). - False
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89. T or F
The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape. - True
- 104. Atoms of the same element but with different atomic weights because their nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons.
- isotopes
- 105. Adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine are examples of _____ ______ present in DNA.
- base pair
- 107. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- atomic number
- 108. Protein molecules are chain like ______, giant molecules of highly arranged, multiple building blocks.
- polymers
- 109. Components of DNA and RNA that are composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
- nucleotide
- 110. Chemical property that allows water to act as an effective solvent.
- polarity
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34. The simple sugars that are the building blocks for other carbohydrates are:
a. disaccharides
b. monosaccharides
c. polysaccharides - b. monosaccharides
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35. The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen - d. nitrogen
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36. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:
a. hydrolysis
b. oxidation
c. decomposition
d. dehydration synthesis - d. dehydration synthesis
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38. The basic building blocks of fats are:
a. monosaccharides
b. diaccharides
c. amino acids
d. fatty acids and glycerol - d. fatty acids and glycerol
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39. A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:
a. triglyceride
b. phospholipid
c. steroid
d. prostaglandin - b. phospholipid
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40. DNA:
a. is a single strand of nucleotides
b. contains the sugar ribose
c. is the heredity molecule
d. transports amino acids during protein synthesis - d. transports amino acids during protein synthesis
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42. The bonds that exist between phosphate groups of the ATP molecule are:
a. hydrogen bonds
b. high energy bonds
c. covalent bonds
d. ionic bonds - b. high energy bonds
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43. The body's most concentrated source of energy is:
a. triglycerides
b. proteins
c. monosaccharides
d. amino acids - a. triglycerides
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45. A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:
a. triglyceride
b. phospholipid
c. steroid
d. prostaglandin - b. phospholipid
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6. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5 - c. 4
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47. Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule?
a. sugar
b. nitrogenous bases
c. phosphate
d. lipid - d. lipid
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12. An example of an element would be:
a. Ne
b. CO2
c. C6H12O6
d. H2O
all numbers are subscript-no feature for - a. Ne (Neon)
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13. An isotope of an element contains a different number of _______ than other atoms of the same element.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. protons and neutrons - c. neutrons
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14. Which of the following elements is stable?
a. hydrogen
b. helium
c. oxygen
d. carbon - b. helium
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16. Which of the following bonds are the weakest?
a. ionic bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. electrovalent bonds
d. covalent bonds - b. hydrogen bonds
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17. The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n):
a. reversible reaction
b. exchange reaction
c. synthesis reaction
d. decomposition reaction - c. synthesis reaction
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18. The process of the digestion of food is an example of this type of reaction:
a. synthesis
b. decompositon
c. exchange
d. reversible - b. decomposition
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19. Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:
a. acids
b. bases
c. buffers
d. salts - b. bases
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20. Acids:
a. are proton donors
b. taste sour
c. release hydrogen ions in a aqueous solution
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
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21. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions(OH-) than hydrogen (H+) ions is a(n):
a. acidic solution
b. alkaline (basic) solution
c. neutral solution - b. alkaline (basic) solution
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23. The most abundant and important compound in the body is:
a. air
b. water
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids - b. water
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24. Approximately what percentage of body weight is water?
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70% - d. 70%
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26. Which of the following represent(s) properties of water?
a. cohesion
b. high heat of vaportization
c. strong polarity
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
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29. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
a. proteins
b. salts
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids - b. salts
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31. Peptide bonds join together molecules of:
a. glycerol
b. glucose
c. amino acids
d. water - c. amino acids
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2. All of the following represent major elements in the body except:
a. sulfur
b. chlorine
c. iron
d. phosphorus - c. iron
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3. The kind of element is determined by the number of:
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. mesotrons
d. electrons - a. protons
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4. Atomic weight is determined by the number of:
a. protons and electrons
b. neutrons and electrons
c. neutrons, protons and electrons
d. protons and neutrons - d. protons and neutrons
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5. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8 - a. 2
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1. A positively charged subatomic particle is a(n):
a. proton
b. neutron
c. mesotron
d. electron - a. proton
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7. Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies:
A. time
b. distance
c. space
d. gravity - c. space
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8. A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):
a. orbital
b. proton
c. neutron
d. electron - d. electron
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9. The atomic number directly indicates the number of:
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. neutrinos - a. protons
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10. When atoms combine, they may gain or lose:
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. nuclei - a. electrons
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11. An ionic bond is formed by:
a. two or more positive ions combining
b. two or more negative ions combining
c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other
d. sharing of a pair of electrons - c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other