Nutrition CH 3 Carbohydrates
Terms
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- What happens when a food is refined?
- You remove something from the food
- The higher the fiber, the higher the complex cards.....
- The fuller you will be.
- Higher fiber=
- Lower fats
- What happens when a food is fortified?
- You add something back to the food, but it is not in its original state.
- Myth: Carbs make us fat.
- Truth: Its what we add to it or how we cook it that determines how fat we get.
- 1/2 cup to 1 cup=
- 1 serving of carbs
- If using regular bread, 1 sandwich =
- 2 servings of carbs
- Name a significant animal source of carbs.
- Lactose
- Where can we find fiber?
- It is found exclusively in plants and is indigestable, we don't really digest our fiber.
- Statement:
- Other than dental caries, no disease has been associated with amount of carb in take. There is no RDA
- Soluble:
- It becomes a gel. It will clog you up if you have diarhea. This type of fiber has a thickening effect.
- Insoluble:
- It doesn't mix; it detaches itself from the water. Comes from seeds, brans, stringy vegetables, celery and squash
-
What is the main product for regulation?
Soluble or insoluble? - Insoluble.
- what type of combination can be successful for weight loss?
- water and high fiber.
- What do complex carbs provide?
- Satiety
- How much of your daily calorie intake should carbs be?
- 55 to 60% of total caloric intake.
- What can the lack of fiber result in?
- Colon cancer
- What is the recommended amount of carbs needed to sustain life?
- 100 grams a day/ 400 calories worth
- What happens if you don't use all of the carbs?
- They are stored as fat. If you are storing for energy,glycogen stores (happens first)
- In order for mucles to provide energy, what has to be present?
- Carbs
- What happens when we don't get enough carbs?
- We starve our body and too many ketones are produced. Ketosis results
- If a person has fruity breath, you might suspect that they are suffering from.....
- Ketosis
- Name some of the side effects of ketosis.
-
* suppressed appetite
* breakdown of fat tissue
* quick weight loss - What reaction is your body having when you go through ketosis?
- Your body is in malfunction mode, your liver is overworking to get rid of the ketones.
- Why is ketosis extremely dangerous for infants and children?
- It can result in brain disfunction and brain damage.
- Give a descrption of the Adkin's Diet
- High protein, no carbs, hypoglycemia (related to low carbs)
- What causes caries?
- A fermentable carb: breads, starches, processed foods, esp. candy.
- WHat is the main risk for caries?
- Frequency and duration of exposure, and the form of sugar.
- A coke contains what?
- 20 minutes of acid productivity per sip
- 4 grams of carbs =
- 1 teaspoon of sugar
- Give an example of some of the natural sugars
- Xylitol, zorbitol, manitol
- What are polysaccharides?
- Complex carbs; sugars containing over 12 carbon atoms
- What is glycogen?
- The carbohydrate form of energy in humans
- What is lipogenisis?
- The process of converting glucose to fats
- What is hyperglycemia?
- Elevated blood sugar
- What is hypoglycemia?
- Low blood sugar
- What is phenylketonuria?
- A genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
- Carbs are made by all plants from what?
- carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- These type of sugars contribute to the palatability of a food because of their sweetness?
- MOno and dissacharides
- Name the monosaccharides of greatest significance in the foods and body metabolism are?
- Glucose, fructose, and galactose
- Which monosaccharide is the sweetest?
- fructose
- what is another name for glucose?
- Dextrose or corn syrup. Naturally abundant in many fruits.
- Glucose?
- The principal product formed by the digestion of dissacharides and polysacharides. It provides energy for cells via the bloodstream.
- Another name for fructose?
- Levulose. Found naturally in honey anf fruits. A product of the digestion of sucrose
- Galactose?
- Product of lactose digestion (milk sugar). Legumes can also contain lactose
- Sugar alcohols?
- Also called polyols are formed from or coverted to sugar. Ex. sorbitol, xylitol or manitol may appear naturally in foods or be added by a manufacturer
- What does sugar alcohol do?
- Adds about the same amount of sweetness as glucose and the same amount of calories. Their advantage is that they do not contribute to tooth decay
- Why aren't disaccharides important in human metabolism?
- Because they contribute to body function only after they have been digested
- What is the most common form of sucrose?
- Granulated table sugar
- What is the sugar found in milk?
- Lactose
- This sugar does not occur naturally, also called malt sugar?
- Maltose. It is contained in bread making, beer brewing and some cereals
- what is the most plentiful insoluble polysaccharide found in plants?
- Cellulose
- When carbs are eaten in excess what occurs?
- Lipogenesis( process of converting glucose to fats) results in increased fat stores
- What is the optimal level of dietary fiber that a person should have daily?
- 35 grams
- Why hasn't a specific requirement for carbs been astablished yet?
- Since amino acids and a portion of fats consumed can be converted to glucose
- Sugar substitutes
- They can reduce the caloric content and decrease cariogenicity of a product. Used in moderationm thse types of sugars can be benificial for many people especially those with diabetes