Ch. 12
Gastrointestinal System
Terms
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- peritoneum
- membrane surrounding entire abdominal cavity, parietal and visceral
- pept/o
- to digest
- or/o, stomat/o
- mouth
- cecum
- 1st part of large intestine
- stool culture and sensitivity
- isolation of stool to identify organisms
- halitus
- breath
- hernia
- protrusion of a part from its normal location
- hiatal hernia
- protrusion of part of stomach upward through diaphragm
- pylor/o
- pylorus (gatekeeper), lowest portion of stomach
- -emesis
- vomiting
- esophag/o
- esophagus
- pepsis
- digestion
- aphagia
- inability to swallow
- intus
- within
- flatulence
- gas in the stomach or intestines
- dyspepsia
- indigestion
- antacid
- drug that neutralizes stomach acid
- pancreas
- secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum to digest food
- steatorrhea
- feces containing fat
- gastric resection
- partial removal of stomach
- bil/i, chol/e
- bile
- cirrho
- yellow
- duoden/o
- duodenum
- gastric lavage
- oral insertion of tube into stomach for examination
- cholangitis
- inflammation of bile ducts
- bucc/o
- cheek
- rect/o
- rectum
- cardiac sphincter
- opening from esophagus to the stomach
- anastomosis
- union of two hollow vessels
- anal fistula
- abnormal tubelike passageway from anus that may connect with rectum
- cathartic
- drug that causes movement of bowels, laxative
- antispasmodic
- drug that decreases motility in GI tract
- incidental appendectomy
- removal of appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure
- suscipiens
- to take up
- inguinal regions
- lower lateral groin regions
- upper GI series
- x-ray of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after patient swallows contrast medium
- small bowel series
- x-ray of small intestine
- polyp
- tumor on a stalk
- steat/o
- fat
- col/o, colon/o
- colon
- radiography
- x-ray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly
- umbilical hernia
- protrusion of intestine through weakness in abdominal wall around navel
- diverticulum
- abnormal side pocket in GI tract because of lack of dietary fiber
- volvulus
- twisting of bowel on itself, causing obstruction
- vermi
- worm
- flatus
- a blowing
- hepatitis C
- caused by virus, transmitted by exposure to contaminated blood
- volvo
- to roll
- ile/o
- ileum
- excisional biopsy
- removal of an entire lesion for examination
- herni/o
- hernia
- an/o
- anus
- biliary calculus
- pertaining to the common bile duct
- lower GI series barium enema
- x-ray of colon after enema with barium
- hypogastric region
- region below the navel
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus
- dent/i
- teeth
- sphincter
- band
- cheil/o
- lip
- jejun/o
- jejunum (empty), middle portion of small intestine
- enter/o
- small intestine
- CT
- cross-section x-ray of abdomen
- ascites
- an accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
- hematochezia
- red blood in stool
- sigmoid/o
- sigmoid colon (resembles s)
- icterus, jaundice
- yellow discoloration of skin, caused by excessive bilirubin in blood
- antiemetic
- drug that prevents vomiting
- vermiform appendix
- wormlike projectin of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no function
- hepat/o, hepatic/o
- liver
- strangulated hernia
- hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation
- cirrhosis
- chronic disease of liver degeneration
- frenulum
- bandlike membrane that holds down tongue
- biliary ducts
- ducts that convey bile, hepatic, cystic, common bile
- phag/o
- eat or swallow
- incarcerated hernia
- hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac
- lumbar regions
- middle lateral regions
- fistula
- pipe
- orexia
- appetite
- omentum
- an extension of peritoneum attached to stomach and connecting it to other organs
- ascos
- bag
- ankyloglossia
- defect of tongue with short, thick frenulum
- pyloric sphincter
- opening from stomach into the duodenum
- liver
- produces bile, secreted into duodenum
- peritone/o
- peritoneum
- peritoneal cavity
- space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
- jejunum
- 2nd portion of small intestine
- nasogastric intubation (NG)
- insertion of tube through nose into stomach
- gastr/o
- stomach
- epigastric region
- upper middle region below the sternum
- doch/o
- duct
- celi/o, lapar/o
- abdomen
- gingiv/o
- gum
- barium swallow
- x-ray of esophagus, locate swallowed objects
- sial/o
- saliva
- incisional biopsy
- removal of portion of lesion for examination
- hepatitis B
- caused by virus, sexually or bodily fluid contamination
- salivary glands
- three pairs of exocrine glands in mouth, parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- polyposis
- multiple polyps in intestine and rectum
- parotiditis
- inflammation of parotid gland, mumps
- anorexia
- loss of apetite
- lith/o
- stone
- melena
- dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
- constipo
- to press together
- proct/o
- anus and rectum
- gallbladder
- holds bile
- eructation
- belch
- stool ocult blood study
- chemical test of stool to detect presence of blood
- jaundice
- yellow
- duodenum
- first part of the small intestine
- umbilical regions
- region of the navel
- chezo
- defecate
- hypochondriac regions
- upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
- halitosis
- bad breath
- hepatitis A
- caused by virus, transmitted orally
- ulcerative colitis
- chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
- inguinal hernia
- protrusion of loop of intestine through layers of abdominal wall in inguinal region
- choledocholithiasis
- presence of stones in the common bile duct
- ileum
- 3rd portion of small intestine
- gloss/o, lingu/o
- tongue
- cyst/o
- bladder or sac
- intussusception
- prolapse of one part of intestine into lumen of adjoining part
- fluoroscopy
- x-ray using a fluorescent screen to see structures in motion
- rectal ampulla
- dilated portion of rectum just above anal canal
- inguin/o
- groin
- haimorrhois
- a vein likely to bleed
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine ducts
- dysentery
- inflammation of intestine with bloody stools
- pancreat/o
- pancreas
- hemorrhoid
- swollen, twisted vein in anal region
- peptic ulcer disease
- sore on mucous membranes of stomach, duodenum