Health Vocab Chapter 14
Terms
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- the process o breaking down the nutrients in foods into a form your body can absorb and use
- Digestion
- the part of the tooth that can be seen above the gum
- Crown
- the hard outer layer that covers the crown; the hardest material in your body
- Enamel
- most of the tooth that is made o a yellowish bonelike material
- Dentin
- covers the dentin and is another bonelike material
- Cementum
- the channel in a tooth through which nerves and blood vessels connect with nerves and blood vessels in the jawbone
- Root Canal
- the tissue that surrounds the teeth and covers the bone around the teeth
- Gingiva
- bad breath
- Halitosis
- a sticky, invisible, bacteria-filled film that covers the teeth
- Plaque
- a silver colored mixture of several metals used to fill teeth
- Amalgam
- a material formed when plaque hardens on the teeth, tartar
- Calculus
- a condition in which the gums become red and swollen and bleed easily
- Gingivitis
- a more advanced stage of gum disease
- Periodontitis
- when the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly
- Malocclusion
- a dentist who specializes in correcting the position of teeth
- Orthodontist
- the smallest living unit o the body
- Cell
- a liquid that aids in digestion that is produced by the mouth
- Saliva
- substances that help carry out chemical reactions in the body
- Enzymes
- a small flap of tissue that automatically covers the opening to your windpipe when you swallow
- Epiglottis
- a muscular tube that connects the mouth and the stomach
- Esophagus
- the wavelike muscular action that pushes food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive system
- Peristalsis
- muscular, saclike organ with a circular band of muscle at each end
- Stomach
- the thick liquid formed in the stomach, a mixture of food and gastric juices
- Chyme
- a long, tube-like organ in which chemical digestion and the absorption of nutrients are completed
- Small Intestine
- tiny, fingerlike projections that line the small intestine
- Villi
- a large organ that removes harmful materials from the body and also produces a digestive juice called bile
- Liver
- aids in the digestion o fats by breaking large droplets of fat into smaller ones
- Bile
- a sac attached to the liver that holds bile
- Gallbladder
- an organ that produces hormones and several digestive enzymes
- Pancreas
- tube-like organ that absorbs water and gets rid of waste
- Large Intestine
- solid waste materials eliminated through the digestive system
- Feces
- the last few inches o the large intestine in which feces are held until they are released from the body
- Rectum
- the opening of the rectum
- Anus
- an inability to digest lactose because the digestive system does not produce enough lactase
- Lactose Intolerance
- a sore that forms when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract
- Peptic Ulcer
- enlarged veins in the anal area
- Hemorrhoids
- an infection of the appendix
- Appendicitis
- an ongoing inflammation o the lower part of the small intestine
- Crohn’s Disease
- the major waste product produced from the breakdown of protein
- Urea
- the process by which the body collects and removes wastes produced by its cells
- Excretion
- organs that filter wastes, particularly urea, from the blood
- Kidneys
- the filtering unit of the kidney
- Nephron
- composed of water, urea, and other substances; the liquid that is let in the tube after the re-absorption process
- Urine
- a long tube that carries urine away from the kidney
- Ureter
- a muscular sac that sores urine
- Bladder
- the tube through which urine leaves the body
- Urethra
- an inflammation, or swelling, or the nephrons
- Nephritis
- pebble-like masses o salts in the kidneys or urinary tract
- Kidney Stones
- poisoning of the body caused by the failure of the kidneys to remove wastes from the bloodstream
- Uremia
- a process in which a machine is used to filter blood in place of the kidneys
- Kidney Dialysis