the Enlightment
Terms
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- Addison and Steele
- "SPECTATOR", magazine
- Bach
- Mass in B Minor and Saint Mathew's Passion, his works were to worship God
- Hume
- "A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE"
- Beccaria
- "ON THE CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS", believed punishments should serve only as deterrents, not exercises of brutality, opposed capital punishment
- Locke
- "AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING", tabula rasa
- Carnival
- emothional expression of pop culture that preceded Lent
- Zinzendorf
- created the Moravian Bretheren
- Joseph II
- Toleration Patent, granted lutherans, calvinists and greek orthodox the right to worship privately
- Quesnay
- (physiocrat) laissez-faire, thought land was most important
- Moravian Bretheren
- sect of religion created by Zinzendorf
- Cook
- "TRAVELS", described "...noble savages..."
- Newton
- "PRINCIPIA", law of universal gravitation, developed calculus
- Fontenelle
- "PLURALITY OF WORLDS", taught astronomy to the public in fiction form
- Neoclassicism
- artistic style that developed during the end of the Enlightment, focused on importance of man and virtue
- Neumann
- great architect that emphasized secular and spiritual thinking
- Montesquieu
- "PERSIAN LETTERS", thought you could apply the scientific method to find the nautral law governing social relationships
- Voltaire
- "PHILISOPHIC LETTERS", compared France and England, advocated freedom of press, political freedom, and religious toleration, "THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV", initiated the modern idea of social history
- Holbach
- (only atheist) "SYSTEM OF NATURE", believed everything was matter in motion
- Smith
- Father of Capitalism,"THE WEALTH OF NATIONS", thought labor was most important
- Haydn
- "THE CREATIONS", "THE SEASONS", dedicated his gratest works to the common people
- poogroms
- organized massacres against jews
- David
- "OATH OF THE HORATII", neoclassical style painter, cheif protagonist
- Rococo
- artisitic and architectural style that combined the emotions and large scale of Baroque to the symmetry of Classicism(1700-1750)
- Realschule
- a school that offered modern language, geography, and bookeeping to prepare boys for careers in business
- Diderot
- "ENCYCLOPEDIA", philosopher of materialism
- Fielding
- "THE HISTORY OF TOM JONES, A FOUNDLING", emphasized action rather than inner feeling but moralized by attacking the hypocrisy of the age
- Condorcet
- "THE PROGRESS OF THE HUMAN MIND", said humans had progressed through 9 stages of history and were entering the 10th stage of perfection, thought all things were now known
- Sephardic Jews
- major group of Jews that were expelled from Spain and settled in Amsterdam, Venice, and Frankfurt
- Gibbon
- "DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE", blammed christianity for the fall of the roman empire
- Handel
- "MESSIAH", produced many secular works but is best known for his religious works
- Volkschule
- state-supported primary schools
- Rousseau
- "DISCOURSE", "THE SOCIAL CONTRACT", believed the idea of popular sovereignty through the "general will" of the people
- Richardson
- "PAMELA", spoke of virtue
- Ashkenazic Jews
- major group of jews that lived in Eastern Europe
- Kant
- "CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON", "Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own inteligence!"
- Wesley
- underwent a mystical experience and created the methodist division of the Anglican church
- Bayle
- "DICTONARY", attacked traditional christian practices and heroes, advocated religious toleration
- Mozart
- "THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO", "THE MAGIC FLUTE", "DON GIOVANNI", child prodigy, created three of the world's greatest operas