Chapter 16
Terms
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- Roman Inquisition
- called forth Galileo to condemn Copernicus' theories and his own
- World machine
- Newton's conception of the univers as one huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute tiem, space, and motion, dominated world view until Einstein revolution
- Copernican Hypothesis
- sun is the center of universe and Earth and the 8 planets revolve around it
- Rober Boyle
- one of the first scientists to perform controlled experiments, Boyle's Law = volume of gas varies with pressure
- Galileo
- telescope, inertia, put before Roman Inquisition to condemn Copernicus' ideas, strongly opposed by Catholic Church, found guilty of heresy at age 68, THE STARRY MESSENGER,
- Kepler
- German, theory the universe is based on geometric figures, "Music of Spheres" and three laws of Planetary motion, assistant to Brahe, narrow line that separates science and magic, "secrets of nature written in mathematics," agreed with Copernicus more than with Brahe, first to suggest planets move in ellipticals not circles (later explained by Newton)
- Scientific Revolution
- transition from medieval world view to a largely secular, rational and materialistic perspective
- Vesalius
- new view of anatomy, blood comes from heart not liver, THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY, an anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy,
- Brahe
- astrologist who rejected Ptolemy with his observations on star movements. Built Uranburg castle for more precise observations, first european astronomer to observe first supernova
- Paracelsus
- against Gelan and chemical philosophy, different, macrocosm and microcosm
- geocentric conception
- the universe is a series of spheres with a fixed or motionless Earth at the center (Ptolemaic) spheres around it were made of crystaline in circular movements, pure orbs of light embedded in the ten spheres beyond them all = empyrean heaven
- William Harvey
- circulation begins with heart and travels trhough arteries and veins, foundation of modern phisiology, dispelled Galen's theories
- Rene Descartes
- french, believed that past beliefs are worthless, philosopher who attacked medieval mothods and no faith in Aristotle (deductive reasoning) western view of humankind, joined 30 yrs war for travel and leisure time, vision to do math on November 19, 1619, reason as sole guide to truth, books condemned by religious types, "ecstatic illumination of the mystic"
- Newton
- Calculus, gravity, three laws of motion, every action has equal/opposite reaction, PRINCIPIA, buried at Westminster, alchemy, "Symbol of Western Science" proved planets elliptical orbits
- Cartesian dualism
- between man and mind, "i think therefore i am," mind and body cant be doubted, body can, we can understand material world because it's all mechanism, They maintained, for different reasons, that people's "intelligence" (a faculty of the mind or soul) could not be identified with, or explained in terms of, their physical body, which holds that the mind is a nonphysical substance.
- querelles des femmes
- arguments about women and their inferiority, value, and nature, reaffirmed by SR
- Aristoleian world-view
- the heavenly bodies revolve around the Earth