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Terms
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- Millets
- seperate legal courts pertaining to personal law under which minorotoes were allowed to rule themselves(in cases not involving any Muslims)with fairly little interference from the Ottoman government
- Sikh
- member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddism, Hinduism, and Sufism, target of the Mughal's hatred
- devshrime
- in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soliders
- janissary
- a member of an elite force of soliders in the Ottoman Empire, made up of Christian slaves
- Osman
- known as the most successful warrior(ghazi), built a small Muslim state in Anatolia between 1300-1326. Father of the second Ottoman leader, Orkhan l
- mausoleum
- a large tomb or building containing tombs
- Ottoman
- follower of Osman(also called Othman)
- Isma'il
- In 1499, at the age of 12, seized most of what is now Iran, taking the ancient Persian title of shah or king establishing Shi'a Islam as the state religion. Known as a religious tyrant who had any citizen who did not convert, put to death
- Mughal
- one of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there
- Safavid
- Safavid Empire, a Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries, culturally diverse from traditions of Persians, Ottomans, and Arabs
- Babur
- 11 year old boy who inherited a kingdom(1494) that is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. A brilliant general, he laid the foundation for the vast Mughal Empire
- Akbar
- Babur's grandson, "Greatest One", Indian ruler 1556-1605, said to have ruled with wisdon and tolerance (military and religious areas)
- Mehmed ll
- also called Mehmed the Conqueror, Murad's son, conquered Constantinople in 1453 and opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. The rebuilt city was renamed Instanbul
- ghazi
- a warrior for Islam
- Esfahan
- Shah Abbas built this new capital for the Safavid culture, a showplace for artisans and considered one of the most beautiful capitals in the world
- Aurangzeb
- 3rd son of Shah Jahan of Mughal Empire in India, whose strict enforcement of Isled led to divisions and decentralization of the government
- Shah Jahan
- son of Jahangir, seized throne by assassinating rivals. India suffered from famine, war, and excessive taxation. Created Taj Mahal to enshine his wife(mausoleum) after her death during childbirth at age 39
- jizya
- a per capita tax imposed on non-Muslim adult males in states ruled by law in order to freely worship
- Constantinople(1453 Cnquest)
- conquered by Mehmed ll(Mehmed the Conqueror), considered the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history
- Taj Mahal
- built by Shah Jahan in India, to enshrine his wife's memory after she died at age 39 while giving birth of her 14th child, considered one of the world's most beautiful buildings.
- Byzantine Empire
- non-Muslim religious communities permitted to follow their own religious laws and practices. Millet leaders reported to the sultan and his staff
- infidel
- one who doesn't believe in a certain religion. In Ottoman Empire, territories of people who didnt believe in Islam were raided by the military
- Shah Abbas
- aka Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture
- sultan
- "overlord",or"one with power",title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire
- Timar the Lame
- named due to an injury by an arrow in the leg, this conqueror from Samarkand burned what is now the city of baghdad, crushing the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Ankara in 1402, halting the expansion of the empire
- shah
- hereditary monarch of Iran
- Suleyman the Lawgiver
- aka Suleyman the Magificent, ruled from 1520 to 1566, credited with great military leadership as well as implementing a highly structured social orginazition. Created a law code, simplified the system of taxation and reduced government bureaucracy. Viewed as having improved the daily life of almost every citizen