Section 4 and 5
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Troubles on the frontier
- *Settlers building farms on Native American lands *Hunted animals that the Native Americans used for food
- Battle of Tippecanoe
- *Native AMericans vs. Harrison's troops * neither side won a clear victory *marked beginning of long and deadly war on the frontier *June 1812 - congress declared war on Britain
- Burning of Washington
- *1814 Britain and allies defeated France and Britain can now send troops to US *Summer 1814 British ships sailed into Cheasapeake Bay and soldiers came ashore 30 miles from Washington DC *Battle ensued in Bladenburg, MD *Americans lost and British were on the march to Wash DC *Dolly Madison - James Madison's wife, home at the President's mansion and gathered important papers of the President and a portrait of George Washington and fled south * British burned President's mansion and other buildings
- Treaty of Ghent
- *Signed on Christmas eve 1814 *Both sides agreed to return matters to how they were before the war *1818 both countries set the border between Canada and the U.S. at 49 N Latitude
- Henry Clay
- *most outspoken war hawk *wanted war *reasons Clay wanted war: revenge on Britain for siezing ships and excuse to conquer Canada
- Advantages of going to War
- *US could seize Florida from Spain, an ally of Britain *claims Britain was arming Native Americans on frontier encouraging them to attack settlers
- Reasons why U.S. was not ready for war
- *Navy only had 16 ships *army was small and not well equipped *officers knew little about the military
- War Hawks
- Members of congress from south and west who wanted to go to war
- Andrew Jackson
- *Waiting for British at New Orleans *Thousands of frontiersmen, hundreds of African Americans and Filipino Americans volunteered *Dug trenches to defend themselves *January 8, 1815 - British tried to overun Jackson's line *made several attempts, but all failed *More than 2,000 British died and only 7 American casualties *Known as Battle of New Orleans *Jackson became National hero *Battle of New Orleans took place 2 weeks after US and British signed peace treaty to end the war
- Describe war in the west
- *William Hull led American troops into Canada from Detroit *going up against the Canadians who had only a few untrained troops to fight *General Isaac Brock - tricked the Americans by dressing soldiers in red cloaks to make Americans think the British were helping them *Also let a false "secret" message fall into Hull's hands that said more than 5,000 Native Americans were fighting with Brock (lie) *Tricked worked-Hull retreated and the invasion of Canada failed
- Nationalism
- Pride in or devotion to one's country
- Tenskwatawa
- *called the prophet and said his soul had taken a journey to the spirit world and learned the path that all Native AMericans should take to live happily *said Native AMericans must give up White ways *No longer traded with settlers *1808 he built a village for his followers along Tippiecanoe Creek in the Indiana territory *Many traveled to hear his message
- William Henry Harrison
- *Governor of Indiana Territory, signed treaty with several Native American leaders who gave up 3 million acres of land for less than half a cent an acre *Tecumseh was outraged *1810 Tecumseh delivered firm message to Harrison *Harrison was impressed and promised to deliver the message to Madison
- Bombing of Baltimore
- *From Washington British marched north to Baltimore *Key defense - Fort McHenry *From evening of Sept. 13 until dawn Sept. 14 British rockets bombarded the harbour *An American victory
- Tecumseh
- *the prophet's brother *organized many Native Americans into a confederation or league *spokesperson for the league
- New Englanders protesting war
- New Englanders called war Mr. Madison's war *Meeting to protest war *Met in Hartford, CT in Dec. 1814 *Most were federalists and disliked the republican president and the war *Issues with war-British blockade hurt New England's sea trade and felt the south and the west had more to gain if U.S. won land in Florida and Canada *Meeting became known as the Hartford Convention *Threatened to leave union if war continued *Meeting ended with news of peace treaty *federalist party ended with end of war *Peace talks held in Ghent Belgium