AP history
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- The Killing Winter
- 400 of 500 people died in Jamestown, Governor De la Warr took over afterwards
- English Civil War
- 1650's, Oliver Cromwell took over- puritan dictator
- The First "Powhatan War"
- 1622- 400 (1/3) people in Jamestown killed by Indians, began after Pocahantas died
- Magellan
- 1519-22- circumnavigated the world, named the Pacific
- Sir Edmund Andros
- royal governor of the Dominion of England, sent from England to America to govern
- Dominion of Englad
- 1686- formed by James I because Navigaton laws were being ignored & he didn't like their religion, included Mass., Rhode Island, Conn., New Hamp. (later NY & NJ), charters taken away and governed by the king; dissolves when William & Mary take the throne in 1688
- William Penn
- Quaker, inherited a lot of money + the king was in debt to his family so he gave Penn land in America in 1681
- The First Families
- tidewater aristocracy, got good land along tidewater, small amount of powerful people
- John Rolfe
- introduced tobacco to new world
- Bacon's Rebellion
- led by Nathaniel Bacon; Bacon asked Gov. Berkely for permission to fight Indians and Berkely said yes, then changed it to no. 1675- Bacon takes over Jamestown, Berkely fleed, demonstrated conflicts within the colonies
- Johnathan Edwards
- preacher during the Great Awakening, changed the was religion was viewed= said people can be saved without an establish church, "sinners in the hands of an angry God"
- Cabaral
- mapmaker, named the new world after Vespuci
- South
- plantation aristocracy, back country, many slaves, indentured servants, least religious, main church was Anglican
- Sir Frances Drake
- pirate who worked for Queen Elizabeth
- Maryland
- financed by Lord Baltimore to be a catholic colony, proprietary, both catholics and protestants came, succesful
- George Whitefield
- English preacher who went to America, very popular during the Great Awakening
- Mayflower Compact
- agreement to abide by the government that would be put in place when the Puritans reached America
- Thomas Hooker
- 1st governor of Connecticut, wrote the "Fundamental Orders"
- Balboa
- 1513- discovered the Pacific
- The Great Puritan Migration
- began in 1628, because Charles I treats them badly
- Meetinghouse
- place within a settlement where church and government meetings were held
- Problems in Jamestown
- corruption within colony, weather, disease, malnutrition, Indians
- House of Burgesses
- 1618- Jamestown instruced to form a government, based of Enlish government, representative, bicameral, limited
- Enumerated Goods
- goods that were allowed to be exported had to stop in England for a tax before continuing on
- New England
- In 1700- most religious, small farms, small towns
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- 1494- between Spain and Portugal, Portugal got eastern new world and Spain got western new world
- Governor Stone's War
- 1655- small war between protestants and catholics in Maryland colony, protestants took over (banned catholicism for a while)
- John Smith
- "no work, no food", improved relations with Indians
- Mystic Massacre
- 1637- mass murder of Indians (about 200) by Mass. militia in the town of Mystic
- The Great Awakening
- 1730-1740: explosive outburst of religious nature in the colonies, possibly because of Johnathan Edwards
- De Soto
- discovered Mississippi, conquistador
- Sir Humphrey Gilbert
- 1583- tried to set up the first English colony, boat sunk, he drowned
- Back Country People
- owned little land, no slaces, lived farther away from the coast
- Praying Towns
- 1640- settlers tried to convert Indians to christianity by focing them to stay in certain areas under armed supervision- didn't work
- North Carolina
- 1712 "Drifters" (or riff-raff), from Charleston and and VA asked for their own charter, recognized as seperate in 1724
- King Phillip
- leader of the Wampanoags- also called Matacoan (his real name) or Metacon (by the english)
- James Oglethorpe
- philanthrapist, humanitarian, didn't agree with debters prison, proposed debters be sent to New World to create a buffer betwen Spain (Florida) and the Carolinas
- Pizzaro
- conquistador, 1533- conquered Incans, started trend of shipping gold and silver
- Middle Colonies
- In 1700- "breadbasket", seaports, most religious tolerance
- New York
- settled 1624- originally Dutch colony "New Amsterdam", led by Peter Stuyvesant; 1664- Duke of York ordered to take it over, no force was used, name changed to New York
- Georgia
- settled in 1733 by James Oglethorpe; last of the 13 colonies & last southern colony, at first no slavery but when Oglethorpe left for a while it started
- Conquistadors
- Spanish "conqerors" explorers (Cortez, Pizzaro, De Soto, Coronado)
- King Phillip's War
- 1675- Wampanoags waged war on Mass., 52 of 90 towns attaked, 600 english killed, 1000 Indians killed, last native american resistance in New England (afterwards, Indians went to Ohio Valley or became unskilled laborers on docks like Boston)
- Rhode Island
- founded by Roger Williams, recognized in 1647, many "dissenters" came, looked down on by other colonies
- The Results of the Great Awakening
- religion grew and split into the "new lights" and the "old lights"
- Stono Rebellion
- 1733- a group of armed slaves tried to cross Stono River into Georgia and runaway, Buford, SC; not succesful
- The Half-Way Convenant
- 1662- said that only one parent of a puritan child had to be a saint for the child to be baptized, showed decline of church in Mass. and increase in merchant class
- How Plymouth was started
- 1612- Puritans move to Holland to escape religious persecution, their children started adopting Dutch culture (dutchification), 1620- but charter from VA comp. of Plymouth, sail to America
- Old Lights
- the establised churches from before the Great Awakening
- Saint
- a individual who publicly promised spirituality, needed to be a saint to be a full member of the church; until the Half-Way Covenant, both parents had to be saints for the child to be baptized
- Brown U
- founded by Bapists
- Harvard
- founded in 1637 to train preachers, John Harvard- first headmaster, first university in America
- Old Deluder Act
- 1647- forced towns to hire teacher when population reached 50 and to build a schoolhouse at 100, both had to be paid for by community; introduced idea of public education
- Mercantilism
- the way England made sure that their colonies were benefiting them: trade had to be done in British ships, Enumerated goods, Price supports, Banned manufacturing of certain goods (like clothing)
- Black Legend
- inhumane treatment of Natives by the Europeans
- Wall Street
- built while NY was still New Amsterdam, proposed by Peter Stuyvesant, became a major area for railroad companies later, today a major buisiness place
- Massachusetts Bay
- settled in 1630, never a survival threat
- VA Company of London goes bankrupt
- 1624- bankrupt, James I takes over and makes Jamestown a "royal colony", allows it to survive
- The Carolinas
- 1670- Charleston Colony- settled for financial reasons by the 8 Lord Proprietors, lots of slave labor, great city of colonial america
- Roger Williams
- very puritan, 1631- went to Mass., didn't like church-state connection, established church, thought only true believer should be in the church
- Sir Walter Raleigh
- 1584- financed (didn't go) a colonization attempt, colony named "Roanoke" set up near Chesapeake Bay, settled in 1586, in 1590, everyone dissapeared- nicknamed "The Lost Colony", "CROATOAN" the only clue
- Fort Nassau
- settled in 1610, first dutch settlement, whose leader was Peter Minuit
- Act of Religious Tolerance
- 1649- passed because 2/3 of Maryland was protestant, said a person could be any religion they wanted as long as the religion acknowledged the trinity
- Cortez
- conquistador, 1513- conquered Aztecs and their leader, Montezuma
- Columbus
- 1492- sailed to America, set up colonies "Hispanolia"
- The Fundamental Orders
- laws Connecticut was run by, established Purtitan church, very strict, allowed no other religions, sumptuory laws (laws which try to control people's behavior)
- New Lights
- said all you needed was to be saved, Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, much more democratic, represented the "democratization of religion"
- Columbian Exchange
- caused by trade between Europe and new world, diffusion of clutures, men began to marry natives (Mestizo children)
- Pennsylvania
- settled for religious reasons, financed by William Penn, the first settlement was Philadelphia, breadbasket of the colonies
- Connecticut
- people from Mass. Bay drift west in the 1630's to the Connecticut River, were Puritan-non-seperatists; 1639- had 2 colonies: Hartford & New Haven; 1647- got charter
- New England Confederation
- 1643- meeting to discuss problems within the colonies, between Plymouth, Mass. Bay, Hartford, and New Haven
- De Gamo
- sailed to Asia and back
- The Restoration
- Cromwell died in 1658, catholics restored in Maryland in 1660
- Amarigo Vespuci
- 1507- said new world was a new continent, not Asia
- James I promoted 2 joint-stock companies to colonize
- VA Company of London (got southern america, set up Jamestown near Chesapeake Bay), VA Company of Plymouth (got northern america, went bankrupt after 1st year)
- Marco Polo
- interested Europe in Asia
- Dias
- 1488- reached Cape of Good Hope
- John Winthrop
- first leader of Mass. Bay, "city upon a hill"= goal, introduced Puritan Work Ethic
- Potsai
- gold mine in the Incan empire
- Coronado
- discovered Grand Canyon
- King U/ Columbia U
- founded by Anglacins
- Congregationalism
- the way the Puritan church was set up- each church independent, democratic, mandatory by law, tithing required, no opposing churches within the society
- Goods introduced to Europe by diffusion of cultures
- corn, potatoes, tobacco
- Price Supports
- Britain paid colonists extra to produce certain goods that were in short supply in England
- Princeton University
- founded by Presbyterians