Roman 3
Terms
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- source for Antiquities, war of hte Jews
- Joephus
- Resistance and fall of Nero
- conspiracy of Piso (some senators liked him and wanted him to be emporer it was found out and they were killed- Revolt of Vindex ( gaul revolt of governor of on of the Gals), supported tacticly by Galba and Otho in Spain, suppressed by L. Verginius Rufus and Thine legions, Galba's response saind he wanted to be loyal to rome, snmphidius Sabinus bribed and brought guard over to Galba, they decided to rebel against Nero, Nero commit suicide saying "I die as such an artist"
- Claudius's foregn and militarypolicy
- conquest of Britain, AD 43, invited in by ribal British chiefs, took personal command when safe, Camulodumm and colony at Londirum, Brittanicus and a triumph
- Iulia Agrippina and Nero 54-68
- Lilia agrippina recieved the title Augusta, direc descendant of augustus, imperial women happened to be smarter than the men were exicuted less often, relationship with Pallas (over accounts)- L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, agrippina's son, nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus Caesar, was in line to become successor because Claudius adopted him and was therefore next in line for succession- claudius dies ostensibily by mushrooms the food of the gods
- Tiberius Caesar Augustus
- at Augustus' death he already held all the powers of augustus and was already emperor though Tacitus portrayed a senatorial debate- mutinies in germany and pannonia illustrated the financial and military challenges of empire- he was reserved "brooding and dissimulating", was a republican and a reluctant emperor but respected the eachievements and policies of Augustus for example he continued Augustus' frontier policies, he was a sound administrator who followed augustan polices like frontiers set at Rhine, Danube, and Euphrates suffect consuls become regular and governors experienced serve for long periods- senate becomes a judicial body especially for Senators- he was not good at cloaking himself in constitutional fictions and was the victim of being Augustus' successor
- Great fire at rome AD 64
- nero blamed the christians and executed them as arsonists- rebulding program, Domus Aurea (the golden house he took this land from private owners, now at last I can live like a human being
- L. Domitius Ahenobarbus
- the son of Agrippina who later married Claudius who adopted Nero so he became Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus Caesar, he was successor therefor over Brittanicus because of age
- Resistance and fall of Nero
- conspiracy of Piso (some senators liked him and wanted him to be emporer it was found out and they were killed- Revolt of Vindex ( gaul revolt of governor of on of the Gals), supported tacticly by Galba and Otho in Spain, suppressed by L. Verginius Rufus and Thine legions, Galba's response saind he wanted to be loyal to rome, snmphidius Sabinus bribed and brought guard over to Galba, they decided to rebel against Nero, Nero commit suicide saying "I die as such an artist"
- M. Salvius Otho 69
- was angery about the adoption of Piso by Galba because he wanted to be adopted, he won over praetorians- he payed Victorian guard and they killed Galba- during his rule he was appealing to those fond of Nero's style- Valens and Caecina brought a detachment from the Rhine and were beaten by Otho at Bedriacum, next day Otho committed suicide after he lost the FIRST Battle of Cremona
- Germanicus
- was consul II in AD 18, he was sent east wiht imperium maius- had a conflict wiht Piso and Placina and was killed by "poisoning and sorcery- allegations of Vipsania Agrippina
- Nero and the Arts
- neornian age (legitimate flowering of culture and literature- beginning of hte silver age of latin literature
- Seianus
- an ambitious Praetorian prefect who consentrated praetorian guard in Rome and became it's sole commander- Bannished Vipsania Agrippina and imprisoned and killed the sons- he tried to marry livilla
- Claudius Administration
- Revived censorship• Purged senate Added Gallic senators Asserted imperial jurisdiction•• Claudius own interest in the law •• In camera (done in his bedroom) justice with his own assessors Expansion of imperial civil service, the familia Caesaris• Freedmen department heads both efficient and corrupt He alienated the Senate
- Gaius Reign
- Initially popular, lowered taxes, increased spending Later he was considered a monster (went crazy• Married his sister lulia Drusilla• Made his horse consul Revolt of Gaetulicus on the Rhine• One of Gaius's deputities Repeated plots in rome followed by revolt of the praetorians• No provision to remove a mad or bad emperor• Assassinated with family by his victorian guard who put him into power
- Gaius Caesar augustus Germanicus 37- 41
- Gaius lulius Caesar (nicknamed Caligula) Joint heir with Tiber Gemellus Doubled donative (a purse of money given to the guards) to praetorian guard which looked like he was paying off the guards for his succession, and set the precedent for military involvement in succession
- Julio- Claudians in Retrospect
- Augustus, Tiberius and Claudius essentially super aristocrats- Gaius and Nero new ideal of monarchy, hellenistic models?, literary type of young brash rulers- Imortant sources of support, personal loyalty of hte legions- other problems, financial strains (legion const, public municicence), dissipation of dynasty- Pax romana was real Rome kept functioning despite bad emporers agustian system
- Nero's foreign policy
- Armenia was a buffer zone between Roe and Parthians
- Servius Sulpicus Galba 68-69
- Military succession- was known as being stingy, he refused to pay promised praetorian donative- he recalled Verginius Rufus from the Rhine which caused the legions under Valens and Caecina to revolt because they didn't like this and they decided to put Aulus Vitellius forward as their commander
- source for Augustus and Tiberius?
- Velleius Paterculus
- Vitellius 69
- he got off to a bad start by looting and committing violence in Rome, he also lived very extravigently, unlike earlier emperiors he owed his succession to frontier legions and not Victorian guard, he lost control wiht the proclamation of Vespasian, his armies force him to attack and kill Vespasian's brother Sabinus (city prefect)
- the four emperors in one year-69
- Sercius Sulpicus Galba, M. Salvius Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
- the Julio-Claudian Emperors
- Augustus 27BC- 14 AD, Tiberus 14-37, Gaius (Caligula) 37-41, Claudius 41-54, Nero 54-68. All were descendents of Livia
- Suetonius
- source for lives of Tiberius, Gaius, Nero and Claudius
- Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus 41-54
- Gaius uncle and grandson of livia Elevation by praetorians First non lulian- uses Caesar as a title, not a family name Well-intentioned and well read Was dominated by women and freedmen• Lacked political and social connections feedman staff became his advisors and confidants• Third wife Valeria Messalina had an affair really an attempted political coup and was killed for it Had had no political career
- Great fire at rome AD 64
- nero blamed the christians and executed them as arsonists- rebulding program, Domus Aurea (the golden house he took this land from private owners, now at last I can live like a human being
- Nero 54-68
- the son of Agrippina who later married Claudius who adopted Nero so he became Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus Caesar, he was successor therefor over Brittanicus because of age- accession, coup of Agrippina and burrus praetorian prefect and ally of Agrippina, quinquennium neronis (5 golden years of Nero, first 5 years), administration of Seneca and Burrus, new independence, dismissal of Pallas, murder of Brittanicus- decline, growing rift wwith Agrippina, she tried to assert control but it dowsn't work, divorced Octavia, married Poppaea Sabina, murder of Agrippina AD 59, death of Burrus AD62 retirement of Seneca, Tigellinus (nero's evil genius let him do what he wanted to), nero and the arts, he would act and sing this alienated the senatorial class
- Nero's foreign policy
- Armenia was a buffer zone between Roe and Parthians
- Drusus lulius Caesar
- younger Frusus, Tiberius' son- was consul II with his father AD 21 and recieved triunica potestas in 22, however was mysterously killed leaving Tiberius devastated
- Julio- Claudians in Retrospect
- Augustus, Tiberius and Claudius essentially super aristocrats- Gaius and Nero new ideal of monarchy, hellenistic models?, literary type of young brash rulers- Imortant sources of support, personal loyalty of hte legions- other problems, financial strains (legion const, public municicence), dissipation of dynasty- Pax romana was real Rome kept functioning despite bad emporers agustian system
- who wrote Annales
- Tacitus, covered the issure of senatorial histography and it's biases, work heavily biased by Tacitus' experiences under Domitian, Annales comered parts of the reigns of Tiberius and Nero