DNA/RNA
Terms
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- What allows DNA Polymerase 3 to create the new strand (enzyme)
- RNA Primase
- Which strand is built all at once?
- The Leading Strand
- Template Strand is another word for
- Original DNA Strands
- Which nitrogen bases pair (alphabetical order)?
- Adenine and Thymine & Cytosine and Guanine
- What are deletions
- the removal of a base
- RNA Polymerase keeps adding nucleotides until:
- it reaches the terminator sequence
- What is DNA made of?
- Nucleotides
- If each nucleotide had a numerical value and that value was increasing right to left, how would the Lagging strand be built (numerical answer---starts with 2 and ends with 5)
- 2 1 4 3 6 5
- If two replication forks are present, what happens to the leading strand after it finishes replication in one fork?
- It becomes the lagging strand in the other replication fork
- Who was James Watson?
- An American Biologist
- In a sugar, the 3' bonds to the 5' due to a
- Phosphodiester Bond
- What is monosomy
- having one chromosome instead of two
- What did Rosalind Franklin do?
- Took X-Rays to help discover the structure of DNA
- What are mutations?
- a change or mistake in the DNA sequence
- What did James Watson do?
- Discovered that DNA is in the form of a double helix
- What are Chargaff's Rules?
- A = T and C = G
- How would the lagging strand look [if built in one segment] (w/ primes)
- 3' next to 3' AND 5' next to 5'
- What is mRNA
- A copy of a complimentary strand of DNA
- What are frame-shift mutations?
- The addition or deletion of a base causing the number of bases not to be evenly divisible by 3
- What is trisomy
- having three chromosomes instead of two
- What is triploidy
- every pair of chromosome has an extra copy
- How does the DNA Polymerase 3 begin making the strand (what is the first segment called)?
- RNA Primer
- Which nitrogen bases are Purines?
- Adenine and Guanine
- What are translocations
- The movement of a piece of 1 chromosome to another place (usually another chromosome)
- How would the leading strand look (w/ primes)
- 3' next to 5' AND 5' next to 3'
- What are introns
- the non-coding region of a gene
- What bond forms when tRNA bonds the amino acids with other amino acids in the ribosome?
- polypeptide bond
- Which nitrogen bases are Pyrimidines?
- Cytosine and Thymine
- Who was Rosalind Franklin?
- A British scientist
- What is a Stop Codon?
- A codon without an anti-codon
- What reads the mRNA? (HINT: transcription)
- tRNA
- How does the tRNA know that it is done adding anti-codons to the mRNA?
- It reaches the Stop Codon
- On a sugar molecule, what two parts connect?
- 3' and 5'
- Which strand is built in segments?
- The Lagging Strand
- What did Francis Crick do?
- Discovered that DNA is in the form of a double helix
- What is the replication fork?
- The place where the DNA is split
- What is rRNA
- a component of the structure of a ribosome
- What are substitutions
- replacing one base for another
- What are the original DNA strands called?
- Template Strands
- When looking at a picture of DNA, how can you differentiate between the nitrogen bases?
- Adenine and Guanine have 2 double bonds and Guanine is connected to Cytosine with 3 single bonds
- What are insertions
- the adding of a base
- Who was Francis Crick?
- A British physicist
- Where does transcription occur?
- in the nucleus
- Who was Erwin Chargaff?
- An American Biologist
- What are inversions
- the reversal of a section of DNA
- How are DNA Strands made (HINT: primes)
- 5' to 3'
- What changes RNA Primer into DNA
- DNA Polymerase 1
- What are nucleotides made of (DNA)?
- deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogen base
- What did Erwin Chargaff do?
- Created Chargaff's Rules
- What is Thymine replaced by in RNA?
- Uracil
- What are point mutations?
- a change in a single base pair
- DNA is copied as what during transcription?
- mRNA
- What are 3 differences between RNA and DNA?
- Thymine is replaced by Uracil, RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded, and RNA has an extra oxygen
- What causes the replication fork to open?
- Helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds
- Why must the lagging strand be made in segments?
- It would be made backwards if it was made at once
- Where does RNA Polymerase bind to?
- Promoter Region
- What are exons
- the coding region of a gene
- What joins the Okazaki Fragments?
- DNA Ligase
- If two replication forks are present, what happens to the lagging strand after it finishes replication in one fork?
- It becomes the leading strand in the other replication fork
- What are the unconnected pieces of the Lagging Strand called?
- Okazaki Fragments
- How are DNA Strands read
- 3' to 5'
- What is the Central Dogma
- DNA codes for RNA and RNA codes for proteins