Antiparasitics 2
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- What is the mode of action of organophosphates?
- acteylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; causes paralysis
- What are drugs that make up the Macrocyclic Lactones?
- Ivermectin, Milbemycin Oxime, Doramectin, and Moxidectin
- What is the MOA of Ivermectin?
- Kills parasites by enhancing the effects of inhibitory neurotrasmitter- Glutmate,(<GABA), causing flaccid paralysis of affected parasite, thus causing their death or expulsion
- What is important to know about Macrocyclic lactones as they relate to the CNS?
- Macrocyclic lactones do not cross the mammalian BBB, thus have a widemargin of safety
- Toxicity of Ivermectin is reduced with what drug?
- Picrotoxin
- What is Eqvalan?
- Ivermectin in horses in liquid or past
- What is the ivermectin product that is used in dogs and cats?
- Heartguard-30
- What is the difference between the Heartguard-30 and Heartguard-30 Plus?
- Heartguard-30 Plus contains ivermectin and pyrantel for dogs
- How is ivermectin excreted?
- Fecal excretion is about 98%, the rest in urine, and if pregnant, 5% in milk in lactaing females
- What Avermectin product can produce adverse reaction reported in collies and collie-mixed breeds?
- Abamectin
- What is Milbemycin Oxime formulation used in combination with?
- Lufenuron
- What is the milbemycin oxime and lufenuron combination used to treat?
- prevention and control of flea infestation, protection against heartworm
- What drug is considered an endectocide, and what is the definition?
- milbemycin oxime, and it has activity against internal and external parasites
- What are the heterocyclic compounds?
- phenothiazine, piperazine, and diethyl-carbamazine
- What heterocyclic compound drug mode of action is to induce flaccid paralysis in worms
- Piperazine
- What heterocyclic compound has moderate effect on pinworm effection?
- piperazine
- Which heterocyclic compound is the piperazine derivative?
- Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC)
- Excretion of DEC is % urine, % unchanged
- 70% excreted in the urine, and 10 to 25% excreted unchanged
- DEC is combined with what drug mainly?
- Oxibendazole
- When can peak concentrations be seen after DEC administration?
- 3 hours
- What are the Heartworm Adultlicides?
- Thiacetarsamide Sodium and Melarsomine
- What is the job ot the heartworm adulticides?
- these agents kill adult heart worms but have no significant affect on circulating microfiliarie.
- Adverse reactions with Thiacetarsamide?
- given IV can be very irritating to the tissues, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic
- Before administration of Thiacetarsamide, what do we want to obtain and why?
- Obtain full blood work to evaluate the liver and kidney fxns.
- What can the toxicity of Melarsomine be reversed with?
- 3 mg/kg dimercaprol
- What agent is approved for chicken and swine
- Hygromycin
- Toulene is used in what spp.?
- dogs and cats
- Thenium Chlosylate
- used for efficacy against canine hookworms