ANSC lab vocab
Terms
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- cow-calf operation
- a managment unit that maintains a breeding herd and produces weaned calves
- feeder (class or type of animal)
- animals that need further feeding prior to slaughter
- stocker
- weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets (including grazing) before going into the feedlot
- grade or commercial
- a carcas grade of cattle
- purebred
- an animal eligible for registry with a recognized breed association
- Registered
- recorded in the herdbook of a breed
- bred
- female has been mated to the male. usually indicates that female is pregnant
- band (horses or sheep)
- a relatively large group of range sheep
- flock
- a group of sheep or poultry
- herd
- a group of animals
- buck
- a male sheep or goat (usually denotes animals of breeding age)
- bull
- a bovine male
- bullock
- a young bull, usually less than 20 months old
- calve
- giving birth to a calf. same as parturition
- dam
- female parent
- farrow
- to give birth to pigs
- heifer
- a young female bovine cow before she has had her first calf
- heiferette
- a heifer that has calved once, after which she is fed for slaughter
- hinny
- the offspring that results from crossing a stallion with a female donkey
- jack
- a male donkey
- jennet
- a female donkey
- mule
- corssing a male donkey and a female horse
- parturition
- the process of giving birth
- ram
- a sexually mature male sheep
- shoat
- a young pig of either sex
- shrink
- loss of weight, commonly used in the loss in liveweight when animals are marketed for loss in weight from grease wool to clean wool
- sire
- male parent
- castrate
- cutting off an animals balls
- spay
- to remove the overies
- stag
- castrated male animals that have reached sexual maturity prior to castration
- stud
- usually the same as a stallion
- beef
- the meat from cattle -- not calves
- boxed beef
- cuts of beef put in boxes for shipping from packing plant to retailers.
- pork
- meat from swine
- veal
- the meat of a calf
- weaning
- separating young animals from their dams so that the offspring can no longer suckle
- weanling
- an animal of weaning age
- yearling
- animals that are approx. 1 year old
- forb
- weedy or broadleaf plants that serve as pasture for animals
- browse
- woody or brushy plants
- brockle-faced
- white-faced with other colors splotched on the face and head
- colostrum
- the first milk given by a female after delivery of her young. It is high in antibodies that protect young animals from invading microorganisms
- creep
- an enclosure in which young can enter to obtain feed but larger animals cannot enter (called creep feeding)
- cwt
- an abbreviation for hundredweight (100 lbs)
- per capita
- per person
- hide
- skins from animals
- pelt
- the natural, whole skin covering, including hair, skin or wool
- skins
- hides from smaller animals such as pigs, sheep, goats
- gametes
- sex cells
- spermatogenesis
- production of sperm
- oogenesis
- production of ova
- meiosis
- cell division where gametes are formed
- genotype
- genetic makeup of an animal
- phenotype
- characteristics that can be seen
- epistasis
- when a gene/gene paid masks the expression of other genes
- locus
- the location of a gene on the chromosome
- lack of dominance
- heterozygous animals show a phenotype that is different from either homozygous phenotype and is usually intermediate
- complete dominance
- unlike genes occupy corresponding loci (dominant gene is expressed)
- overdominance
- heterozygotes possess greater vigor or are more desirable in other ways (producing more milk, more fertile, etc) than either of the two homozygotes. HETEROSIS
- dressing percent
- hot carcas weight/live slaughter weight
- pregnancy rate
- # cows pregnant/#cows exposed
- % calf crop
- # cows weaned/#cows exposed
- average daily gain
- final wt-initial wt/ days between weighing
- feed efficiency
- the amount of gain made per unit of feed
- genus and species of the horse
- equus caballus
- genus and species of the cow
- bos taurus
- genus and species of the sheep
- ovis aries
- genus and species of the pig
- sus scrofa domesticus
- calving interval
- the interval from having one calf to having another calf
- contemporaries
- animals that are of the same sex that have the same management
- nicking
- the way in which certain lines, strains or breeds perform when mated together.
- parity
- the number of different times a female has had offspring
- selection
- differentially reproducing what one wants in a herd or flock
- artificial insemination
- the introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract by a technique other than natural service
- amnion
- a fluid filled membrane located next to the fetus
- anestrous
- period of time when female is not in estrus
- caruncle
- the "buttons" on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the fetal membrane attach
- chorion
- the outermost layer of fetal membranes
- cotyledon
- an area of the placenta that interfaces with the uterine lining to allow nutrients and wastes to pass from the mother to the developing young.
- dystocia
- difficulty giving birth
- flushing
- placing females on a gaining level of nutrition before breeding to stimulate greater ovulation rates
- freemartin
- female born twin to a bull
- multiparous
- having had two or more pregnancies resulting in viable fetuses
- postpartum
- period after birth
- postpartum interval
- the length of time from parturition to when the dam is again pregnant
- open (females)
- refers to nonpregnant females
-
wet
which animal? -
a milking female
cattle - winking
- indication of estrus in the mare where the vulva opens and closes
- adipose
- fat cells or fat tissue
- break joint
- refers to point on a lamb carcass where the foot and pastern are removed at the cartilaginous junction of the front leg
- finish
- the degree of fatness on an animal
-
spool joint
used to ID what kind of carcass? - the joint where the foot and pastern are removed from the front leg; used to ID a mutton carcass
- probe
- a device used to measure backfat thickness in pigs and cattle
- monogastric
- having only one stomach or only one compartment in the stomach
- nonruminant
- simple stomach or monogastric animal
- ruminant
- a mamml whose stomach has four parts: rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
- soilage
- green forage that is cut and brought to animals as food
- bolus
- regurgitated food
- ration
- the amount of total feed fed to an animal over a 24 hour period
- digestibility
- the quality of being digestible.
- on full feed
- a term that refers to animals that are recieving all the feed they will consume