Adult Psych Test 1
Terms
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- cross-sectional designs
- different ages interviewed at one time
- longitudinal designs
- one group, interviewed over time at different times in life
- time-lag designs
- different people interviewed at the same age over time
- sequential designs
- combination of others, interviewing people of different ages at certain different periods in time
- naturalistic observation
- watching someone - time consuming, only one behavior, opportunity for bias
- self-report/interview/survey
- Saves time and money, but people can lie - may be confused if questions are unclear
- experiment
- a test, trying to measure something
- case study
- one person studied in a very detailed manner
- organismic model
- European - nature based - includes psychosocial, psychoanalytic theories -post WW2, due to advances in medicine, biology, genetics
- id
- biological drive (unconcious)
- ego
- reality
- superego
- conscience, morality
- Freud's Stages
- Oral, angal, phallic, latency, genital
- Erikson's stages
-
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Identity Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
Integrity vs. Despair - crisis
- turning point, pass/fail determines development
- schema
- nature of mental structures and changes
- Piaget's Stages
-
Sensory motor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational - Contemporary theories
- neurobiological theory, psychophysiological, contextual, attachment
- baby boom
- 79 million born after WWII - 1/3 of the US population, largest genration in history
- population pyramid
- largest group is youngest
- mechanistic model
- individual is a passive recipient of environmental influence - all behavior thought learned - tabula rasa - Watson, Skinner
- contextual model
- Product of complex interaction between nurture/nature - method limitation, lack of scientific objectivity - relevant for specific setting (culture, race, religion)
- psychosocial
- life span theory, ego identity, social aspects - diffcult to test, abstract, lack of empirical evidence
- attachment
- internal working model of attachment relationships
- information processing theory
- humans are computers
- Brofenbrenner
- Ecological system theory - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem
- self-concept
- knowledge about self - cognition - what self is like - self-schema
- self-esteem
- components of self - feelings about self - someone else contributes - feeling, opinion, evaluation
- self-efficacy
- whether one has ability to complete or accomplish a task - "I think I can" - "success breeds success"
- identity
- Who am I? What do I believe? Where am I going? Decision making for adulthood
- 4 variables which affect self
- Gender, Age, Culture, Race/Ethinicity
- Skinner
- Reinforcement
- Bandura
- Modeling
- microsystem
- innermost level, immediate settings
- mesosystem
- relationships between settings - home, school, work, etc.
- exosystem
- settings not actively participated in - media, child's school, school board meetings
- macrosystem
- widely shaerd values, beliefs, customs, laws