AP Bio Evolution
Terms
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- What did Pasteur do?
- -disproved spontaneous generation
- Who was Linnaeus and what did he do?
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He was the ologian and Botonist
-He created the system for classification of all living things - What did Cuvier do?
- He discovered catastrophism meaning sudden catastrophies created the cahnges on Earth's crust
- Catastropism
- -major changes on the Earth's crust is caused by catastrophy
- What did Hutton do?
- He discovered gradualism.
- Gradualism
- -things change gradually over time
- What did Lamarck discover?
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1) Use/disuse
*use-will stay and continue
*disuse-will go away
2)Inheritance of desired traits whatever you enhance or lose on first generation will pass on to next generation - Who was Charles Darwin and what did he do?
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-father of modern evolutionary thought
-he explained that all organisms had the same or a common ancestry
-1)Natural Selection
-2)Gemmules "genes" - Natural Selection
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"Survival of the fittest"
-best fit for the environment will pass on genes to next generation - Who was Wallace and what did he do?
- -independent Co-founder of natural selection
- Who was Haeckel and what did he do?
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-studied embryology and founded modern phylogenetic practices
"phylogeny"=longest time-present - Who was Stanley Miller and what did he do?
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-CH4
-NH3
-H2O
-H2
-Increase in pressure
-Lightning
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Products- 1)sugars, 2)amino acids, 3) nucleotides - Morph
- -a discrete characteristic in a population
- Polymorphic
- -many discrete traits within a population in high frequencies
- Artificial Selection
- -Humans interfering with breeding patterns of animals and plants
- Frequency Dependent Selection
- -a decline in number or decline in reproductive success of one morph as a result of that morph being too common
- Intrasexual selection
- -one gender competing amongst themselves for mates of the opposite gender
- Intersexual selection
- -have individual gender choose mates from other gender
- sexual dimorphism
- -has secondary sexual characteristics
- secondary sexual characteristics
- -marked differences genders other than reproductive system
- relative fitness
- -how often a specific genotrype occurs within a given population with the other genotypes
- homology
- -similar characteristics arising from common ancestry
- homologous structures
- -similar characteristics
- vestigial structures
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-left overs
-example- a snack has a pelvis which is useless to it - molecular homology
- -DNA, similar proteins
- species
- -a population of organisms that reproduce with each other only and their offsprings can reproduce as well
- cladogenesis
- -no direct lineage, same species still exist
- anagenesis
- -direct lineage. the species change
- allopatric
- -physical barrier
- sympatric
- -small selective portion of a population will only breed within themselves
- punctuated equilibrium
- -a theory of evolution advocation spurts of relatively rapid change followed by long period of stasis
- eusociality
- -species that include specialized non reproductive castes as members of their populations
- kin selection
- -the offsprings recieving care from parents or relatives
- genetic drift
- -change of allele frequency due to a chance event
- bottlenect effect
- -when something creates a big change in size
- founder effect
- -a natural disaster that didn't kill a number of a population but moved and created a new gene pool
- gene flow
- -when members of difference populations moves and breeds