COMPLETED! US History Ch 13-14 Perkins
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Terms
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- William Proviso
- amendment prohibiting slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
- Compromise of 1850
- was not a product of widespread agreement on common national ideals
- Crittenden Compromise
- proposal calling for several constitutional amendments, which would guarantee the permanent existence of slavery in the slave states
- Clement L. Vallandigham
- member of Congress from Ohio; the most prominent Copperhead in the country; seized by military authorities
- Alamo
- the mission in San Antonio where in 1836 Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico
- Lecompton Constitution
- if approved, Kansas would be admitted to the Union; if rejected, statehood would be postponed
- Trent affair
- Foreign event involving Union seizure of British ship with Confederate diplomats.
- Fort Sumter
- a fortified offshore military installation on an island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina
- San Jacinto
- the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston fought on April 21, 1836, near present-day Houston, Texas
- James K. Polk
- the unheralded president who was a strong supporter of annexation; resolved the Oregon question
- Sam Houston
- United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States
- John Brown
- fervent abolitionist of Kansas; considered himself an instrument of God's will to destroy slavery
- Emancipation Proclaimation
- declared forever free slaves in all areas of the Confederacy except all those already under Union control
- Joseph E. Johnston
- leader of Confederate troops who attacked McClellan's advancing army outside Richmond
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- act that split Nebraska into two different states, making the new state a slave state
- Jefferson Davis
- vice president and president of the Confederate government
- Appomattox Courthouse
- small town where Lee and Grant met (Lee surrendered)
- John C. Breckinridge
- presidential nominee in the 1860 election; southern Democrat from Kentucky
- Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
- 1st major battle, proved war was going to be long and costly
- Roger Taney
- chief justice who said that Dred Scott could not bring a suit to the Supreme Court because he was not a citizen
- Robert E. Lee
- Davis' principal military advisor; general in Battle of Gettysburg
- "Fifty-four forty or fight!"
- a reference to where the Americans hoped to draw the northern boundary of their part of Oregon
- Gadsden Purchase
- $10 million deal that acquired a strip of land now comprising part of Arizona and New Mexico
- Free-Soil Party
- drew from the existing Liberty Party and the antislavery wings of the Whig and Democratic Parties; endorsed the Wilmont Proviso; candidate was Martin Van Buren
- George B. McClellan
- Democratic nominee in 1864 election; celebrated formerr Union general
- popular sovereignty
- allowed the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery there
- George C. Meade
- commanded the Union army of the Potomac after Hooker
- Stephen W. Kearney
- led a small amy that captured Santa Fe with no opposition; later joined the Bear Flag Revolution
- Battle of Shiloh
- battle where southerners drove Grant back to the river, but the next day reinforced and forced Beauregard to withdraw
- John C. Fremont
- explorer of the far west with no political record
- Zachary Taylor
- "Old rough and ready" general who led a small army to Texas to protect it against a possible invasion
- "greenbacks"
- paper currency backed by the good faith and credit of the government instead of gold or silver
- U.S. Sanitary Commission
- organization of civilian volunteers led by Dorothea Dix
- Manifest Destiny
- one of the factors driving white Americans to look to the West
- Stephen F. Austin
- young immigrant from Missouri who had established the first legal American settlement in Texas in 1822
- Dred Scott v. Sanford
- controversial court case about the freedom of a slave who was brought by his master to a free sate
- Ulysses S. Grant
- general trusted by Lincoln; general in Battle of Vicksburg
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- signified the end of the war; Mexico agreed to cede California and New Mexico to the United States and acknowledge the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas
- Stephen A. Douglas
- Democratic senator from Illinois who was an open spokesman for the economic needs of his section, especially the construction of rail roads
- Forty-niners
- group of mainly men who abruptly journeyed to California in search of gold
- Millard Filmore
- supported the compromise and used his powers of persuasion to swing northern Whigs into line
- Franklin Pierce
- obscure New Hampshire Democratic politician; attempted to maintain party and national harmony by avoiding diverse issues (slavery)
- Ostend Manifesto
- document that enraged many antislavery northerners, who charged the administration with conspiring to bring a new slave state into the Union
- "fire-eaters"
- southern nationalists
- National Bank Act
- act that allowed existing or newly formed banks to join the system if they had enough capital and were willing to invest one-third of it in government securities
- "Copperheads"
- Peace Democrats who feared that agriculture and the NW were losing influence to industry and the East and that Republican nationalism was eroding states' rights
- Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
- seized power as dictator of Mexico and imposed a new, more conservative and autocratic regime on the nation and its territories
- David G. Farragut
- commanded vessels through the Gulf of Mexico and smashed passed weak Confederate forces
- Oregon Trail
- 2,000 mile-long western route which stretched from Independence across the Great Plains and the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains
- Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
- staged a rapid march north through Shenandoah Valley as if he were planning to cross the Potomac River and attack Washington
- Morrill Land Grant Act
- act that transferred substantial public acreage to the state governments, which were to sell the land and use the proceeds to finance public education