anatomy-midterm
Terms
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- neuroglical cells
- specialized cells of the nervous system that produce myelin, communicate between cells, and maintain the ionic environment
- cardiac muscle
- only in the heart; controlled involuntarily; makes up the bulk of the heart and pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels
- simple squamous epithelium
- a single layer of thin, flattened cells; nuclei are broad and thin- fit tightly together
- squamous
- flat or platelike
- smooth muscle
- type of involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of hollow viscera
- holocrine gland
- a gland whose secretion contains entire secretory cells
- cartilage
- type of connective tissue with cells in lacunae separated by a semisolid extracellular matrix
- transitional epithelium
- specialized to change in response to increased tension
- muscle tissue
- contractile tissue consisting of filaments of actin and myosin, which slide past each other, shortening cells
- nervous tissue
- neurons and neuroglia
- collagenous fibers
- white fibers consisting of the protein collagen, common in connective tissues, including bone matrix
- fibroblasts
- cell that produces fibers in connective tissue
- merocrine gland
- a gland whose cells secrete a fluid without losing cytoplasm
- stratified columnar epitheilium
- several layers of cells; superficial cells are columnar and base layer is cuboidal
- mucin
- a glycoprotein secreted by mucus and goblet cells
- goblet cells
- an epithelial cell specialized to secrete mucus
- elastic fibers
- provides framework for the external ear and larynx; contains a dense network of elastic fibers and this is more flexible than hyaline cartilage
- macrophages
- a large phagocytic cell
- dense connective tissue
- few cells; consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers
- keratin
- protein in epidermis, hair, and nails
- involuntary
- not consciously controlled; functions automatically
- striations
- alternating light and dark cross-markings
- elastic cartilage
- composed of a protein called elastin; a stretchy yellow connective tissue fiber
- skeletal muscle
- type of involuntary muscle tissue in muscle attached to bones
- epithelial tissue
- tissue type that covers all free body surfaces
- serous cells
- glandular cells that secrete a watery fluid with high enzyme content
- mast cells
- large and widely distributed in connective tissue; release heparin-found near blood vessels
- stratified squamous epithelium
- thick, form outer layer of the skin - stays soft and moist; cells on its free surfaces remain alive
- synovial membrane
- membrane that forms the inner lining of the capsule of a freely moveable joint
- stratified cuboidal epithelium
- two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen
- serous membrane
- membrane that lines a cavity without opening to the outside
- areolar tissue
- forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body, binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles
- connective tissue
- bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and repair tissue damage
- voluntary
- capable of being consciously controlled
- blood plasma
- formed elements suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix.
- exocrine gland
- a gland that secretes its products into a duct or onto a body surface
- intercalated discs
- membranous boundary between cardiac muscle cells
- white blood cells
- make up blood plasma
- red blood cells
- makes up blood plasma
- basement membrane
- a layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
- apocrine gland
- a type of gland whose secretions contain parts of secretory cells
- ligaments
- a cord or sheet of connective tissue binding two or more bones at a joint
- bone
- the most rigid connective tissue; internally supports body structures - contains red marrow
- endocrine gland
- a gland that secretes hormones into the blood
- fibrocartilage
- a very tough tissue containing many collagenous fibers. It's a shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure
- hyaline cartilage
- most common; found in bone and nose; has very fine collagenous fibers in its extracellular matrix and looks like white glass.
- simple cuboidal epithelium
- single layer of cube shaped cells;spherical nuclei
- simple columnar epithelium
- can be ciliated or nonciliated; elongated;single layer whose nuclei are located near the basement membrane
- mucus membrane
- line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
- blood
- rnal environment. formed from red and white blood cells and platelets.
- keratinization
- the process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells
- pseudastratified columnar epitheliam
- appear layered- lines the passage of the respiratory system
- cilia
- microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells
- extracellular matrix
- molecules that fill space between cells, consisting mostly of protein fiber networks
- adipose tissue
- fat storing tissue
- columnar
- epithelial tissues composed of tall, elongated cells
- microvilli
- tiny. cylindrical processes that extend from some epithelial cells, increasing membrane surface area
- tendons
- a cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissues that connects a muscle to a bone
- osteon
- a cylinder shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal; Haversian system
- reticular fibers
- very thin collagenous fibers- form supporting networks;spleen
- loose connective tissue
- binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills the spaces between muscles; it forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
- neurons
- nerve cells
- cuboidal
- epithelial tissue composed of cube shaped cells
- serous fluid
- a watery fluid secreted by membrane; lubricated membrane surfaces
- stratified
- organized in layers
- chondrocytes
- a cartilage cell
- fixed cells
- reside in the tissue for an extended amount of time
- cutaneous membrane
- pert, to the skin
- platelets
- cytoplasmic fragments formed in bone marrow that helps blood clot
- glandular epithelium
- composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
- mucus
- fluid secretion of the mucous cells
- wandering cells
- move through and appear in cells temporarily