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anatomy-midterm

Terms

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neuroglical cells
specialized cells of the nervous system that produce myelin, communicate between cells, and maintain the ionic environment
cardiac muscle
only in the heart; controlled involuntarily; makes up the bulk of the heart and pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels
simple squamous epithelium
a single layer of thin, flattened cells; nuclei are broad and thin- fit tightly together
squamous
flat or platelike
smooth muscle
type of involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of hollow viscera
holocrine gland
a gland whose secretion contains entire secretory cells
cartilage
type of connective tissue with cells in lacunae separated by a semisolid extracellular matrix
transitional epithelium
specialized to change in response to increased tension
muscle tissue
contractile tissue consisting of filaments of actin and myosin, which slide past each other, shortening cells
nervous tissue
neurons and neuroglia
collagenous fibers
white fibers consisting of the protein collagen, common in connective tissues, including bone matrix
fibroblasts
cell that produces fibers in connective tissue
merocrine gland
a gland whose cells secrete a fluid without losing cytoplasm
stratified columnar epitheilium
several layers of cells; superficial cells are columnar and base layer is cuboidal
mucin
a glycoprotein secreted by mucus and goblet cells
goblet cells
an epithelial cell specialized to secrete mucus
elastic fibers
provides framework for the external ear and larynx; contains a dense network of elastic fibers and this is more flexible than hyaline cartilage
macrophages
a large phagocytic cell
dense connective tissue
few cells; consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers
keratin
protein in epidermis, hair, and nails
involuntary
not consciously controlled; functions automatically
striations
alternating light and dark cross-markings
elastic cartilage
composed of a protein called elastin; a stretchy yellow connective tissue fiber
skeletal muscle
type of involuntary muscle tissue in muscle attached to bones
epithelial tissue
tissue type that covers all free body surfaces
serous cells
glandular cells that secrete a watery fluid with high enzyme content
mast cells
large and widely distributed in connective tissue; release heparin-found near blood vessels
stratified squamous epithelium
thick, form outer layer of the skin - stays soft and moist; cells on its free surfaces remain alive
synovial membrane
membrane that forms the inner lining of the capsule of a freely moveable joint
stratified cuboidal epithelium
two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen
serous membrane
membrane that lines a cavity without opening to the outside
areolar tissue
forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body, binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles
connective tissue
bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and repair tissue damage
voluntary
capable of being consciously controlled
blood plasma
formed elements suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix.
exocrine gland
a gland that secretes its products into a duct or onto a body surface
intercalated discs
membranous boundary between cardiac muscle cells
white blood cells
make up blood plasma
red blood cells
makes up blood plasma
basement membrane
a layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
apocrine gland
a type of gland whose secretions contain parts of secretory cells
ligaments
a cord or sheet of connective tissue binding two or more bones at a joint
bone
the most rigid connective tissue; internally supports body structures - contains red marrow
endocrine gland
a gland that secretes hormones into the blood
fibrocartilage
a very tough tissue containing many collagenous fibers. It's a shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure
hyaline cartilage
most common; found in bone and nose; has very fine collagenous fibers in its extracellular matrix and looks like white glass.
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cube shaped cells;spherical nuclei
simple columnar epithelium
can be ciliated or nonciliated; elongated;single layer whose nuclei are located near the basement membrane
mucus membrane
line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
blood
rnal environment. formed from red and white blood cells and platelets.
keratinization
the process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden
osteocytes
mature bone cells
pseudastratified columnar epitheliam
appear layered- lines the passage of the respiratory system
cilia
microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells
extracellular matrix
molecules that fill space between cells, consisting mostly of protein fiber networks
adipose tissue
fat storing tissue
columnar
epithelial tissues composed of tall, elongated cells
microvilli
tiny. cylindrical processes that extend from some epithelial cells, increasing membrane surface area
tendons
a cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissues that connects a muscle to a bone
osteon
a cylinder shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal; Haversian system
reticular fibers
very thin collagenous fibers- form supporting networks;spleen
loose connective tissue
binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills the spaces between muscles; it forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
neurons
nerve cells
cuboidal
epithelial tissue composed of cube shaped cells
serous fluid
a watery fluid secreted by membrane; lubricated membrane surfaces
stratified
organized in layers
chondrocytes
a cartilage cell
fixed cells
reside in the tissue for an extended amount of time
cutaneous membrane
pert, to the skin
platelets
cytoplasmic fragments formed in bone marrow that helps blood clot
glandular epithelium
composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
mucus
fluid secretion of the mucous cells
wandering cells
move through and appear in cells temporarily

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