Human Biology Vocab Chpt. 1
On Bones Muscles and Skin.
Terms
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- nervous tissue
- a body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.
- cancer
- a disease in which cells divide uncontrollably.
- melanin
- the pigment that gives skin its color
- striated muscle
- a muscle that appears banded also called skeletal muscle.
- endocrine system
- a system that vontrols many body processes by the means of chemicals or hormones
- ligament
- strong connective tissue that holds bones together in movable joints
- cartilage
- a connective tissue that is more flexible that bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
- voluntary muscle
- a muscle that is under concious control.
- involuntary muscle
- a muscle that is not under concious control.
- pore
- an opening through which sweat reaches the surfac of the skin
- tendon
- strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to the bone.
- x-ray
- a form of energy that travels in waves, like the light your eyes can see.
- spongy bone
- a layer of bone tissue having many small spaves and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
- excretory system
- a system that removes body wastes
- organ system
- a group of organs that work together to percorm a mojor function in the body.
- osteoporosis
- a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.
- organ
- a structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
- cardiac muscle
- muscle found only in the heart
- cytoplasm
- a material within a cell apart from the nucleus.
- smooth muscle
- involunhtary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body.
- arthritis
- a disease of the joints that makes movement painful
- sprain
- an injury in which the ligamenmts holding bones together are stretched too far and tear.
- homeostasis
- the process by which an organis's internal enviornment is kept stable in spite of changes in its external enviornment.
- skin system
- a system that involves skin fingernails and hair.
- compact bone
- hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone.
- cell
- the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
- skeletal muscle
- a muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
- reproductive system
- a system that involves male and female reproductive organs and produces offspring
- pivot joint
- a joint that allows one bone to rotate around another. Ex. neck and spine
- nucleus
- the control center of a cell that directs the cell's activiities and contains the info that determines the cell's form and function.
- fracture
- a break in a bone
- joint
- a place in the body wher two bones come together.
- marrow
- the soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone.
- circulatory system
- a system that transports materials to and from other cells.
- skeletal system
- a system that supports and protects the body.
- tissue
- a group of similar cells that perform the same function
- dislocation
- an injury in which a bone comes out of its joint
- respiratory system
- a system that takes in osygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
- immune system
- a system that protects the body from getting sick
- muscular system
- a system that enables movement of the body and internal organs
- arthroscope
- a slim tube shaped surgical instrument that doctors use to diagnose a problem in a joint.
- connective tissue
- a body tissue that provides pupport for the body and connects all of its parts.
- magnetic resonance imaging
- a method for taking clear inages of both the bones and soft tissues in the body
- muscle tissue
- a body tissue that vontracts or shortens, making body parts move.
- follicle
- a structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows.
- ball and socket joint
- a joint that allows the greatest range of motion. Ex: shoulder and hips
- stress
- the reaction of a person's body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.
- gliding joint
- a joint that allows one bone to slide over another. Ex: wrist and ankle
- cell membrane
- the outside boundary of a cell.
- nervous system
- a system that detects info from the enviornment and controls body functions,
- epithelial tissue
- a body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body inside and out.
- dermis
- the inner layer of skin
- digestive system
- a system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
- epidermis
- the outer layer of skin.
- skeleton
- the inner frame work made up of all the bones in the body.
- vertebrae
- the 26 small bones that make up the back bone.
- hinge joint
- a joint that allows forward and backward motion. Ex: knee and elbow