Seth's 7th grade science exam guide
voc from science chapters 1,2,3,and 5 for 7th grade exam
Terms
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- tissue
- a group of similar cells that perform the same function
- arthritis
- a disease of the joints that makes movement painful
- vertebrae
- 26 bones that make up your backbone
- infectious disease
- a disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body
- connective tissue
- provides support for your body and connects all its parts
- homeostasis
- the body's tendency to keep an internal balance
- active immunity
- immunity that occurs when a person's own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen
- fats
- energy containing nutrients that support your internal organs and insulates your body (nutrient)
- fracture
- a break in the bone
- atherosclerosis
- a condition in whinch an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty materials
- sprain
- occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places
- bacteria
- one-celled micro-organisms; can damage cells directly or indirectly; cause a wide variety of disease
- immune response
- part of the body's defense system in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen
- anus
- a muscular opening at the end of the rectum
- stomach
- a J-shaped muscular pouch in the abdomen
- osteoporosis
- a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily
- nervous system
- detects info from the environment and controls body functions (system)
- capillaries
- narrow vessels where substances are exchanged between the blood and body's cells
- nutrients
- the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out processes
- endocrine system
- controls many processes of the body by means of chemicals (system)
- viruses
- cannot reproduce cells; cells are damaged and destroyed in the process
- heart
- a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughuot the body
- calorie
- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degrees Celsius
- amino acids
- are linked together chemically to form large protien molecules
- circulatory system
- transports materials to and from cells (system)
- antibiotic
- a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells
- platelets
- cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clots
- T Cells
- identify pathogens and distinguish one kind of pathogen from another
- vaccine
- consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system to go into action
- absorption
- the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood
- carbohydrates
- provide energy and the raw materials to make cell parts (nutrient)
- enzymes
- protiens that speed up chemical reactions in the body
- AIDS
- a disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system
- villi
- millions of tiny finger-shaped structures that absorb nutrient molecules; in small intestine
- nervous tissue
- directs and controls processes of movement (tissue)
- B Cells
- produce proteins that help destroy pathogens
- saliva
- the fluid released when your mouth waters
- pulse
- caused by the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall
- passive immunity
- when antibodies are given to a person because their immune system doesn't work right
- small intestine
- the part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place
- organ system
- a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
- liver
- produces bile
- antigens
- molecules that the immune system recognizes either as part of your body or as coming from outside your body
- skleletal muscles
- attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones
- veins
- blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
- lymph
- the fluid inside the lymphatic system
- epithelial tissue
- what covers the inside and outside surface of your body
- diffusion
- the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- skeleton
- your body's internal framwork; made up of all the bones in your body
- marrow
- soft connective tissue inside the spaces in many bones
- gallbladder
- stores bile
- cell
- the basic unit of structure and funtion in a living thing
- nucleus
- the conrol center that directs a cell's activities
- muscular system
- enables movement of the body and internal organs (system)
- HIV
- the virus that causes AIDS; human immunodefiency virus
- mucus
- a thick, slippery substance produced by the body
- mouth
- where both mechanical and chemical digestion starts
- epiglotis
- seals off your wind pipe
- hypertension
- a disorder in which a person's blood pressure is consistently higher than normal
- arthroscope
- a slim, tube-shaped instruments that doctors insert into an incision with a camera attached to it
- involuntary muscles
- muscles that aren't under your concious control
- compact bone
- hard and dense bone but is not solid
- blood pressure
- the exerted force of blood that is caused by the force which the ventricles contract
- ligaments
- hold the movable joints together with strong connective tissue
- respiratory system
- takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide (system)
- cell membrane
- forms the outside boundary of a cell
- septum
- a wall of tissue that seperates the left side of the heart and the right side of the heart
- pathogens
- organisms that cause disease
- rectum
- short tube where waste is compressed into a solid form
- proteins
- help with tissue growth and repair and also play an important part in chemical reactions within cells (nutrient)
- voluntary muscles
- muscles that are under you concious control
- large intestine
- absorbes water into the bloodstream; last section of the digestive system
- peristalsis
- involuntary waves of muscle contraction in the esophagus
- phagocyte
- a white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down
- muscle tissue
- can contract or shorten (tissue)
- lymphocytes
- the white blood cells that distinguish between different kinds of pathogens
- digestion
- the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules
- cardiac muscles
- muscles found only in the heart
- antibodies
- the proteins produced by B Cells
- water
- the most important nutrient; all the body's vital processes take place in it (nutrient)
- vaccination
- the process by which harmless antibodies are deliberatly introduced into a persom'sbody to produce active immunity
- digestive system
- breaks down food and absorbes nutrients (system)
- white blood cells
- body's disease fighters
- ventricles
- lower chambers of the heart; pumps blood out of the heart
- heart attack
- when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked
- dislocation
- occurs when the end of a bone comes out of its joint
- arteries
- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- smooth muscles
- involuntary muscles found in organs
- skeletal system
- supports and protects the body (system)
- pancreas
- a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and first part of the small intestine; produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine
- cartilage
- connective tissue more flexible than bone
- minerals
- nutrients that are not made by living things (nutrient)
- lymph nodes
- filter lymph and trap bacteria and other disease causing micro-organisms
- protists
- cause malaria, african sleeping sickness, and dynsentery
- excretory system
- removes wastes
- red blood cells
- take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells elsewhere in the body
- plasma
- the liquid part of blood; carries nutrients
- atria
- upper chambers of the heart
- cardiovascular system
- carries needed substances to cells, carries waste products away fom cells, and the blood contains cells that fight disease
- Inflammatory response
- the body's second line of defense; fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues. the white blood cells then fight the pathogens
- vitamins
- act as helper molecules in a variety of chemical reaction in the body (nutrient)
- lymphatic system
- the body's drainage system
- immunity
- the body's ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease
- fungi
- molds and yeast; grow best in warmth
- esophagus
- muscular tube that conects the mouth to the stomach
- spongy bone
- type of bone with many small spaces within it
- organ
- a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue
- valve
- a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward
- joint
- a place in the body where two bones come together