MPCS7thScienceCells
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- What is an element?
- any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
- In a plant cell, what protects and keeps out "unauthorized personnel?"
- cell wall
- Who said cells were not hollow empty structures but filled with living stuff inside?
- Felix Dujardin
- What are the characteristics of Eukaryotes?
- cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- What is another name for the organelles?
- little organs
- What is the smallest and simplest unit that can carry on all the processes of life - and is the BASIC UNIT of STRUCTURE and function
- cell
- What is protoplasm?
- the living stuff inside cells
- What are the tasks or jobs of a cell?
- to take in food and water, to transform food into energy in the form of ATP, to get rid of waste, and for reproduction
- What are the main types of cells?
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
- What are proteins?
- large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and in some cases sulfur
- What is a convex lens?
- one that is curved and is thicker in the middle than at the edges
- In a plant cell, what is the waste disposal plant?
- lysomes
- What is the name of the maze of passageways that carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another?
- endoplasmic reticulum
- What is selectively permeable?
- the cell membrane
- What is the range of size in cells?
- from 2 meters long (nerve cell in giraffe leg) to 2 um (bacteria)
- How thick is the cell membrane?
- 7.5 - 10 nm thick
- What are organic compounds?
- those that contain carbon
- What is the function of RNA?
- type of nucleic acid that plays an importnat role in the formation of proteins
- Who discovered the cell in 1665 and called them little boxes?
- Robert Hooke
- What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes?
- no membrane around the genetic material, no nucleus, and no membrane bound organelles
- What is an atom?
- the smallest unit of an element
- What does the diversity of shape in a cell relate to?
- the cells particular job
- How big are most plant and animal cells?
- 10 to 50 um
- What is the shape of most cells?
- cuboidal or spherical
- What are organelles?
- tiny cell structures that carry out specific individual functions within the cell and many are enclosed by membranes
- What are small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones?
- lysosomes
- Why is the nucleus important in Eukaryotes?
- it is the control center where DNA and RNA are located
- Which botanist said in 1838 - "all plants are made of cells?"
- Matthias Schleiden
- Which proteins are produced by free floating ribosomes?
- those used within the cell
- In a plant cell, what is the what is the transport system?
- golgi bodies
- How many layers are there in the cell membrane and what are they made of?
- 2 and each is a sheet of lipids or fats
- Where is the site of protein synthesis - these function as factories to produce proteins?
- the ribosomes
- What are organisms called that are made up of groups of cells
- multicellular
- What is the name of the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus that acts as a double membrane enclosing the nucleus and is perforated by pores?
- nuclear envelope
- In a cell without a cell wall, what forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment?
- cell membrane
- What are Prokaryotes?
- cells found only in the Kingdom Monera which include bacteria and cyan bacteria
- Who said in 1855 that "all cells come from other cells?"
- Rudolf Virchow
- What produces most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions?
- mitochondria
- What do skin cells look like?
- flat cells for body covering
- What does selectively permeable mean?
- that a barrier allows some chemicals to pass but not others
- Which proteins are produced by ribosomes attached to the ER?
- proteins used outside the cell
- Which organelles capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell?
- chorloplast
- Who was the first to see the living cell in 1675 using a simple light microscope he built himself?
- Anton von Leewenhoek
- What is cytoplasm?
- the jelly-like material inside the cell membrane that contains salts, organic molecules, and water
- What do nerve cells look like?
- long extensions to receive and transmit
- What are enzymes?
- a type of protein that speeds up the chemical reaction in living things
- What is the ER?
- endoplasmic reticulum - a membrane that is continuous with the nuclear envelope
- What is any instrument that makes small objects look larger?
- microscope
- What is the cell membrane made of?
- plasma
- What is a molecule?
- the smallest unit of most compounds
- What is the large, oval structure that contains the genes that control or direct the activities of cell?
- nucleus
- What is cell theory?
- a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
- What is a compound?
- the chemical combination of two or more elements
- In a plant cell, what are the storage tanks?
- vacuoles
- What are inorganic compounds?
- those that do not contain the element of carbon
- What is a vacuole?
- the storage area of a cell
- What instrument uses light and has more than one lens?
- compound microscope
- In a plant cell, what is the construction site?
- ribosomes
- In a plant cell, what is the food processing plant?
- mitochondria
- What are Eukaryotes?
- protists, plants, fungi, and animals all make up this
- What are amino acids?
- small molecules that make up proteins
- What are chromatin?
- this is when the chromosomes are too spread out and tangled up to be identified as individual structures - these are strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus
- What is resolution?
- the ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object
- What does unicellular mean?
- organism that exist as single cells
- In a plant cell, what is the city hall?
- Nucleus
- What are nucleic acids?
- very large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosophorus
- What is the function of the cell membrane?
- acts as a boundary to separate the cell from the environment and it allows for shape and flexibility
- What is the rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells?
- cell wall
- When are cells visible?
- only with a microscope
- What do White Blood Cells look like?
- are able to change shape to move through narrow openings
- In a plant cell, what is the power plant?
- chloroplast
- Which zoologist said in 1839 - "all animals are made of cells?"
- Theodore Schwann
- What is the ability to make things look larger than they are?
- magnification
- What are the principles of cell theory?
- all living things are comprised of cells, all cells are produced from other cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
- What is the nucleolus?
- where ribosomes are made
- What is the function of DNA?
- carry hereditary information - type of nucleic acid that transfers from a parent to an offspring and directs cell functions
- What receives proteins and other newly formed materials and distributes them to other parts of the cell?
- golgi bodies