TAKS
Terms
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- Vietnamization
- the gradual withdraw of american troops to other areas and replacing them with south vietnamese soldiers
- Albert Einstein
- physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity
- Desegregation
- the elemination of segregation
- Appeasement
- policy of giving in to keep peace and avoid war
- 19th Amendment
- women's suffrage
- George Patton
- american general who led the third army to liberate paris
- Georgia O'Keefe
- American artist known for her abstract paintings during the 1920s
- 21st Amendment
- Repealed prohibition.
- Cold War
- period of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union
- Bill of Rights: 7
- the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
- Assimilation
- the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
- containment
- Policy that required the United States to try and keep communism from spreading around the world
- Abraham Lincoln
- 16 president that fought strongly against slavery
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- conservative senator who wanted to keep the united states out of the league of nations
- great plains
- vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains that was seriously affected by the dust bowl
- horizontal integration
- when companies producing similar products merge
- red scare
- period when there was a suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infultration of communists in the government
- George Marshal
- american military leader who is best known for the Marshal Plan
- sphere of influence
- the geographical area in which one nation is very influential
- William Jennings Bryan
- "the great commoner" who embrased populism and was a strong supporter of prohibition
- Federalist papers
- essays written by the federalist leaders that defended the constitution
- Robert Lafollette
- was the governor of Wisconsin,Leader of the Progressives. directed primary elections
- 14th Amendment
- citizenship
- Martin Luther King, Jr
- African American civil rights leader.gave the "i have a dream'' speech
- Bill of Rights: 1
- freedom of speech
- 18th Amendment
- banned the manufacturing of alcohol
- socialism
- A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
- james meredith
- United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi
- Lassiez faire
- let the people do as they please
- Detente
- French word meaning an easing of tensions between the world's superpowers during the Cold War
- 17th Amendment
- established the direct election of senators
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- United States naval officer and historian (1840-1914)
- civil rights
- citizenship rights guaranteed to the people and protected by government
- George Wallace
- united states democratic politician that was governor of Alabama, known as a symbol of bigotry
- vertical integration
- contol of all levels of production
- Bill of Rights: 8
- Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted
- social security
- New Deal program which set-up pensions for older Americans.
- Susan B. Anthony
- Key leader of woman suffrage movement
- Conservation
- the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources
- teach in
- students would go to the teach ins to learn about the war and why they should oppose it
- John Steinbeck
- american author that wrote about modernism in his novels such as Of Mice and Men
- warsaw pact
- An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
- self-determination
- the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- authorized President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam by whatever means necessary
- Business Cycle
- recurring fluctuations in economic activity consisting of recession and recovery and growth and decline
- dust bowl
- resulted from years of drought and over plowing/over grazing in the great plains
- McCarthyism
- unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty (as by saying they were Communists)
- Imperialism
- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
- Benjamin Franklin
- negociator of the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution.
- Berlin Airlift
- airlift that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin. attempt by americans to prove they would not forget about the berliners
- Shirley Chisolm
- first african american woman elected to congress
- consumerism
- the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
- blizkrieg
- lightning war used by the Germans
- George Washington
- First President.Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
- King George
- leader of England during the American revolutionary war. he was blamed for the loss of the 13 colonies
- Bill of Rights: 10
- The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
- iron-curtain
- physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War
- Political Boss
- a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments
- Harriet Tubman
- Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad
- Rosa Parks
- civil rights activist. refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus and was sent to jail
- W.E.B. Dubois
- 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard.He also encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination and helped to create the NAACP
- Omar Bradley
- United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)
- Bill of Rights: 2
- right to bear arms
- Brinkmanship
- the willingness to go to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down
- Bill of Rights: 5
- No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime.nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
- Bill of Rights: 4
- The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause
- Thomas Jefferson
- wrote the declaration of independence and is responsible for the louisiana purchase
- Nativism
- a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
- dynamic conservationism
- balancing economic conservatism with some activism.
- suffrage
- the right to vote
- emancipation proclamation
- Issued by abraham lincoln declaring that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
- Bill of Rights: 9
- The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
- yellow journalism
- reporting in newspapers and magazines that exaggerates the news in order to make it more exciting
- NATO
- An alliance that was formed due to the alarm of communist control in Eastern Europe. This alliance made the Soviets Union and Eatern Europe nations to form the Warsaw Pact.
- black power
- african american movement seeking unity and self reliance
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- President of the US during Great Depression and World War II
- communism
- system of government where there is no private ownership, everyone is equal
- Magna Carta
- A document that limits the kings power and gave the nobles a larger role in the goverment
- Isolationism
- policy of avoiding foreign involvement. policy taken on by americans after red scare
- Malcolm x
- African american muslim. leader of civil rights movement that believed in the use of violence to get black rights. believed strongly for black nationalism
- Emmitt Till
- a 14 year old african american brutally murdered by whites. Killers were never convicted of anything
- Lyndon b. Johnson
- 36th president. Designed the Great Society and created programs such as Medicare and medicaid
- political machine
- organized group within a political party that is strong enough to control the party
- Segregation
- separation of people by race, ethnicity, or beliefs
- Charles Lindbergh
- took the first solo transatlantic flight across the atlantic ocean
- Harry S. Truman
- Became president when FDR was assassinated; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb
- island hopping
- WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan
- 15th Amendment
- citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
- mobilization
- the gathering of resources and preparation for war.
- 22nd Amendment
- limits the number of terms a president may be elected to serve
- Samuel Gompers
- creator of the American Federation of Labor,which provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
- draft
- system of gathering soldiers at a time of war
- progressive
- was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s through the 1920s.
- initiative
- political reform that allowed citizens to introduce a bill into the legislature and required embers to take a vote on it
- Henry Ford
- created the Model T Ford, assembly line
- H. Ross Perot
- man from texas who "made more money faster. Lost more money in one day. Led the biggest jailbreak in history."
- Separation of Power
- The division of a central government into two or more branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities.
- Thurgood Marshall
- American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States.advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
- affirmative action
- a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
- Bill of Rights: 3
- No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
- checks and balances
- each branch of the national government can check the actions of the oter two branches
- Jingoism
- extreme nationalism
- 13th Amendment
- abolished slavery
- nonviolent civil disobedience
- way of getting things done without using violence. practiced by MLK
- satellite nations
- country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation that serve as a buffer between the countries at war
- George Westinghouse
- An american entrepreneruer and engineer who invented the railroad and the air brake
- Josef Stalin
- The Dictator of Soviet Union during WW2 who was a brutal leader responsible for the loss of many lives
- suburbs
- residential neighborhoods
- Winston Churchill
- Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII, led them to a victory
- Bill of Rights: 6
- the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.
- prohibition
- Period of time when alcohol was illegal in America due to the 18th Amendment
- Alexander Hamilton
- Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury.
- inflation
- a general and progressive increase in prices
- sit in
- participate in an act of civil disobedience
- Richard Nixon
- the only president forced to resign, after the watergate scandal. Great with foreign policy
- Theodore Roosevelt
- President who reformed government through the Square Deal
- John J. Pershing
- commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) known as Black Jack
- Referendum
- a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
- recall
- the act of removing an official by petition
- Upton Sinclair
- novelist who exposed social problems by writing the Jungle
- Thomas Edison
- Invented the lightbulb
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- commander of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected president
- internment
- placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law at time of war
- Eugene v. Deb
- Socialist Candidate for Presidency,the only candidate to run for President from prison, as well as an advocate of industrial unionism
- Immigrant
- a person who migrates to another country
- Douglas Macarthur
- he was censured after he criticized Truman for not using nuclear weapons against North Korean during WWll
- Andrew Carnegie
- went from rags to riches and founded the Carnegie Steel Company
- Holocaust
- period of time where the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler took the toll of many europeans that werent of the perfect race
- Thomas Paine
- One of the first to persuade Americans to break away from England. Famous for is piece in the "common sense" pamphlet.