Chapter 19: A World in Flames, 1934—1941
Terms
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Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (RFC) - A government agency set up during the Depression which transitioned to making loans to companies to help them cover the cost of converting to war production.
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Selective Service and Training
Act - The first peacetime draft proposed by the US Congress in 1940 after Germany defeated France.
- Chester Nimitz
- United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during WWII who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese Navy (1885-1966)
- Douglas MacArthur
- United States general who commanded the Allied forces in the South Pacific during WWII; he presided over the surrender of Japan (1880-1964)
- James Doolittle
- United States Army general who fought in WWI & WWII and was the commander of the famous Doolittle Raid over Japan in WWII (1898-1993)
- George Patton
- An American general who led US forces in various WWII campaigns, particularly Africa.
- Rosie the Riveter
- The symbol of the campaign to hire women for factory work came from a character in a popular song.
- A. Philip Randolph
- Socialist active in the labor movement and the US civil rights movement. He proposed a march on Washington to protest racial discrimination in the armed forces.
- D-Day
- Allied invasion of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944
- Guadalcanal
- Battle in WWII in the Pacific (1942-43) where the island was occupied by the Japanese and later recaptured by American forces under General MacArthur.
- Battle of the Bulge
- A battle in WWII where the Germans launched a powerful counteroffensive & caught the Allies by surprise in December 1944.
- V-E Day
- May 8,1945, which was the date of the Allied victory in Europe, WWII.
- V-J Day
- August 15, 1945, which was the date of the Allied victory over Japan, WWII.
- United Nations
- An organization of independent countries formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security.
- cost-plus
- a government contract to pay a manufacturer the cost to produce an item plus a guaranteed percentage.
- Liberty ship
- basic cargo ship used by the US during WWII.
- disfranchise
- to deprive of the right to vote.
- periphery
- the outer boundary of something
- convoy system
- a system in which merchant ships travel with naval vessels for protection
- Sunbelt
- a new industrial region in southern California and the Deep South developing during WWII.
- victory gardens
- gardens planted by American citizens during war to raise vegetables for home use, leaving more for the troops.
- amphtrac
- an amphibious tractor used to move troops from ships to shore
- Kamikaze
- during WWII, a Japanese suicide pilot whose mission was to crash into his target
- napalm
- a jellied gasoline used for bombs
- charter
- a constitution