US History Terms
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- Stono Rebellion
- 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina. Killed 20 whites and burned plantations. Wiped out by the militia. Resulted in a new slave code: Slaves must be under constant surveillance; Masters could be fined for not disciplining slaves; and legislative approval required for manumission.
- King Philip's War
- Puritans vs. Wampanoag Tribe in 1675. Metacom organized a resistance against the colonists. Colonists retaliated by destroying food supplies. Reduced New England's Indian population by 40%.
- John Winthrop
- Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Company, later becoming Governor of the colony. Purtitan. Believed they were to be an example to Great Britain
- Shaman
- Religious leader and medicine man of Native American tribes.
- Bacon's Rebellion
- Let by Nathaniel Bacon in 1675-76. Appointed to exterminate all nearby Indians. When Gov. Berkley recalled him and his men, he burned Jamestown and looted plantations. Revealed a society under deep internal stress resulting from the tobacco depression.
- Squanto and Samoset
- Two Indians that helped the Pilgrims that landed at Plymouth. Taught them how to grow corn and arranged alliances between their tribes and the Pilgrims.
- Old Deluder Act
- Act passd in 1647 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. First step toward public education. Attendance optional.
- John Smith
- Member of the Virginia Company of Plymouth. Assumed control, instituted harsh discipline and organized the settlers, ensuring the survival of Jamestown during the winter of 1608-1609.
- George Washington
- Established an outpost called Fort Neccessity about 40 miles from Fort Duquesne. First President of the United States, 1789-1797. Commander-in-Chief of the Constitutional Army during the American Revolution and President of the Constitutional Convention.
- Samuel Adams
- Massachusetts congressman. Had helped organize the Sons of Liberty. Drafted the circular letter in response to the Townshend duties in 1768 that resulted in the dismissal of the Massachusetts legislature. Instigator of the Boston Tea Party. Delegate of the First Continental Congress.
- Jonathan Edwards
- Congregationalist minister during the Second Great Awakening that emphasized the corruption of human nature, the fury of divine wrath and the need for immediate repentance. Gave the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
- Dominion of New England
- James II centralized America in 1686 by merging the five colonies of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Plymouth. New York and the Jerseys were later added. Colony legislatures ceased to exist. Sir Edmund Andros was placed in charge.
- Potlatch Ceremony
- Ceremonies in which the Indians gave away or destroyed much of their material wealth.
- Richard Hakluyt
- Main promoter of colonization by England in the New World. Reasons included surplus of English labor and thwarting Spain.
- Martin Luther
- German friar that criticized the sale of indulgenges and other grievances within the Catholic church. His revolt sparked the Protestant Reformation.
- Manitou
- Native American belief that nature is alive, pulsating with spiritual power. Force that affected human life for both good and evil.
- John Cotton
- Puritan minister in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Anne Hutchinson was a member of his congregation.
- Benjamin Franklin
- Diplomat, American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac. Negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution.
- Hernan Cortes
- 1485-1547. Spaniard that conquered the Aztecs.
- Thomas Hutchinson
- Lieutenant Governor (and later Governor) of Massachusetts. Advocated limiting the English liberties for American colonists. British sympathist prior to the American Revolution.
- Salutary Neglect
- England loosely governed American colonies. Made them resistant to increased rule resulting in the American Revolution.
- Walking Purchase
- Dispute of boundary in Pennsylvania between colonists and the Delaware Indians. Agreed on the Indians method of settling by sending out men to walk as far as they could in a given time. Colonists cheated.
- Anne Hutchinson
- Puritan that dissented. Directly attacked the clergy's authority. Claimed to communicate directly with the Holy Spirit. She and her followers, the Antinomians, were banished and settled in Rhode Island.
- Thomas Paine
- Wrote Common Sense in January of 1776. Believed that the monarchy and empire were the real enemies to American liberty. Convinced colonists of the necessity for American independence.
- John Dickinson
- Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania in 1767 in response to the Revenue Act prior to the American Revolution.