Bone ~ basics
Terms
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- Ribs
-
-12 pairs
-attached to thoracic
-first 7 attached to sternum
-8,9,10 attached to each other, then 7th
-11,12 stick out on sides, short - Sesamoid Bone
-
-imbedded in tendon
-Patella -
Girdles
Pelvis + Pectoral -
-huge muscles that holds up bones
Pectoral (movement):
-scalpula + clavicle
-hold arms by pectoral muscle
-strength support - Foramen
-
-holes
-carry blood vessels in bone for cells
-in ends of bones
Foramen Magnum~
-base of skull
-nerves enter brain -
Haversian System
HAVERSIAN CANAL -
-canal brings in blood vessels
-center of H system
-layers of protein wrap around it -
H System
LACUNAE -
-hollow gap
-on lamellae
-osteocytes (bone cells)
-blood vessels go thru interconnected H canals to lacunae
-feed cells -
H System
LAMELLAE -
-matrix layers
-made of collagen -
H System
CANALICULUS -
-microscopic canals
-connect to lacunae
-bring blood -
H System
BLOOD'S PATH -
1-Foramen
2-H Canals
3-Canaliculus - Fontanelles
-
-soft spots
-brain + skull can grow
-head has give in birth
(cone head)
-hardens into sutures
(bones fuse together) - Strong Bones
-
-calcium
-vitamin D
(helps calcium absorbtion thru digestive system)
-excersize
-no smoking/alcohol - Healing Process
-
1. Clot
2.Cuff (calus)~ periosteum produces osteocytes to form it around fracture
3. Osteoblasts respond w/in 48 hours + new bone appears
4.Osteoclasts devour bone fragments/blood from fracture
-smooths edges/cuff after healed -
Bone Disorders
COMPOUND FRACTURE - -bone sticks out of body
-
B Disorders
STRESS FRACTURE -
-crack due to constant pressure
-ex backpack on shoulders -
B Disorders
SCOLIOSIS - -spine curves rt/lft
-
B Disorders
ARTHRITIS -
(swollen joints)
Rheumatoid
~genetic
-autoimmune disease
-body eats ends of bones
Osteoarthritis
~happens w/aging
-wear/tear of joints causes mometnary swelling -
B Disorders
SHIN SPLINTS -
-due to slapping of feet when running
-tibia doesn't absorb shock
-mem holding tibia to fibula swells/hurts -
B Disorders
BONE SPURS -
-extra bone sticking out
-increase of bone tissue in area
-due to constant movement
-(piano fingers)
-like callus it protects -
B DIsorders
DOUBLE JOINTED -
-more elastin so
-loose tendons
genetic - Osteoporosis
-
-thinning/weaking of bones (porous)
1-tiny fractures in spine bones
2-bones compress/flatten
3-shoulders round, rib cage on hip bones, organs crowd, abdomen out -
Osteoporosis
Higher Risk -
1. Women/Menopause
-lose estrogen + bone strengthening benifits
2. Smoking
-if pre-menopause smoker
...-menopause occurs earlier
3. Alcohol ~ poison to osteoblasts (bone forming) -
Osteoporosis
Calcium Needed -
-good bone health
-blood clotting
regulate heart beat
-if not enough for body, body takes it from bones
-weaken them -
Osteoporosis
Prevention -
1. Excersize
-running/weight lifting 30 min, 4x weekly
-puts bones into strengthening mode
2. Bone Mineral Density Test (x-ray)
-asseses bone strength
-predicts future problems
-people w/risk facotrs, 40+, on hormone replacement therapy for long time
3. Drink Milk
-a lot when younger + need it (ages 9-18)
-bones develop, grow in size/density in childhood (90% bone mass by 17)
-18+ bones increase - Name of Bone Disorders
-
-compound fracture
-shin splint
-arthritis
-scoliosis
-stress fracture
-double jointed
-bone spurs