Medical Terminology-Skeletal System
Terms
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- What makes up the skeletal system?
- Bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, and bursa
- List Bone Tissues and describe.
-
Periosteum-outermost/fibros covering
Compact-hard dense covering
Spongy-light, found at ends of bone
Medullary cavity- shaft of long bone - Shaft of long bone
- Diaphysis
- found at wide end of long bone
- Epiphysis
- opening in bone in which blook vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
- Foramen
- normal projection on surface of bone
- Process
- joint: knee and elbow, most movable
- Synovial
- joint: movement in one plane
- Hinge
- joint: wide range movement
- Ball & Socket
- joint: cartilaginous, two bones held together so firmly becomes one
- symphysis
- joint: immovable, where bone has fit together
- sutures
- soft spot on baby
- fontanel
- fiborous connective tissue which connects bone to bone; stabilizes joint
- ligament
- attaches bone to muscle
- tendon
- fibrous sacks of synovial fluid
- bursa
- How many bones in adult human body?
- 206
-
80 bones
protects major organs of Nervous System, Circulatory Sys., and Respiratory sys. - Axial
-
126 bones
primarily used for movement, protects Digestive, Excretion, and Reproductive System - Appendicular
- shoulders, upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
- upper extremities
- hips, femur, fibula, ankle, foot
- lower extremities
- part of skull that encloses brain
- Cranium
- ribs, sternum, T vertebrae
- Thoracic
- What are the 12 pairs of ribs?
-
7 pair-true ribs
3 pair-false ribs
2 pair-floating ribs - "breast bone"
- Sternum
- uppermost Sternum
- Manubrium
- pectoral gurdle, supports hands and arms
- Shoulders
- collar bone
- Clavicle
- shoulder blade
- Scapula
- bone, extension of scapula
- Acromion
- upper-arm bone
- Humurus
- forearm bone that links to thumb
- radius
- other forearm bone
- ulna
- "funny bone", elbow
- olecranon
- wrist
- carpus
- hand
- metacarpuls
- fingers
- phalanges
-
vertebrae column
26 vertebrae
protects spinal cord, supports head - spinal column
- upper spinal column
- cervical, C1-C7
- middle spinal column, chest area
- thoracic, T1-T12
- lower spinal column
- lumbar- L1-L5
- tail bone
- Coccyx
- in between vertebrae bone
- intervetebral disks
- triangular shaped bone
- sacrum
- ilium, ischium
- Pelvic
- hip socket
- acetabulum
- upper leg bone, thigh bone
- femur
- knee cap
- Patella
- Knee ligaments
-
ACL
MCL
PCL - larger shin bone
- Tibia
- smaller shin bone
- Fibula
- ankle
- Tarsus
- part of ankle that sticks out
- Malleolus
- articulates with tibia and fibula
- Talus
- heel bone
- Calcaneus
- foot bones
- Metatarsuls
- toes
- Phalanges
- diagnosis treatment and treats disorders in bones, joints, and muscles
- Orthopedist
- manipulative treatment of disorders from misaligment of spine
- Chiropractor
- specializes in disorders of foot
- Pediatrist
- field that works with orthopedic appliances
- orthotics
- specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases characterized by inflammation in the connective tissues
- Rheumatologist
- disorders of bone
- Osteopathy
- absense of mobility due to a disease, injury, or surgicle repair/procedure
- ankylosis
- pain in joint
- arthralgia
- stiffening of joint
- arthrosclerosis
- inflammation of the bursa
- bursitis
- benign tumor in cartilage
- chrondroma
- softening of cartilage
- chrondromalacia
- Bunion, abnormal enlargement of joint at base of big toe
- Hallux valgus
- dislocation
- Luxation
- partial dislocation
- subluxation
- inflammation of synovial membrane
- synovitis
- old age, degenerative joint disease
- osteoarthritis
- uric acid crystals in joint
- Gouty arthritis
- auto-immune disease
- rheumatoid arthritis
- swelling of joints in children
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- non-moving spine, vertebrae fused
- ankylosing spondylitis
- low back pain
- lumbago
- imflammation of vertebrae
- spondylitis
- slipping forward of vertebrae
- spondylolisthesis
- degenerative condition of vertebrae
- spondylosis
- congenital defect that spinal canal fails to enclose spinal cord
- spina bifada
- benign growth on bone's surface
- exostosis
- pain in bone
- ostealgia
- inflammation of bone and bone marrow
- osteomyelitis
- unknown cause of extensive bone destruction, also known as osteitis deformans
- Paget's disease
- inflammation of periostia
- periostitis
- cause from lack of vitamin D and calcium dificiency, child deformity
- Ricket's disease
- congenital deformity that can be curved in or out, also known as club foot
- Talipes
-
group of cancers affect children or teenagers
starts in shaft of long bones - Ewing's sarcoma
-
malignant tumor attacks blood forming parts of bone marrow
causes fractures, is fatal - Myeloma
- benign tumor on surface of bone and covering of cartilage
- osteochondroma
- found in chilren, partial fracture from bone bending (incomplete)
- Greenstick Fx
- simple Fx (complete)
- Closed
- horizontal fracture
- transverse
- angled fracture
- oblique
- compound, penetrates skin
- Open
- compression
- pushed together
- fx of wrist, lower end of radius
- Colles' fracture
- twisting, found a lot in child abuse
- Spiral
- tiny cracks in bone from continual use
- Stress
- long bone breaks and fat cells go into bloodstream
- Fat embolus
- hearing bone break
- crepitation
- formation after bone heals
- Callus
- removing fluid from joint
- arthrocentesis
- calcium deficiency and bone mass decreases
- bone density testing
- drawing bone marrow out of sturnam oristeum
- bone marrow biopsy
- Magnetic Residence Imaging
- MRI
- self's bone marrow
- Autologeus transport
- donar's bone marrow
- Allogenic transport
-
from umbillical cord
rich in stem cells - cord blood
- fusion in joints
- arthrodesic
- incision through the periostomy
- periosteotomy
- replacement of implant
- revision surgery
- surgical loosening of ankolys joint
- arthrolysis
- surgical repair of joint
- arthroplasty
- replacement part (artificial)
- prosthesis
- surgical removal of intervetebral disk
- diskectomy
- through the skin, tube will go thru to remove disk parts
- percutaneous
- surgical removal of part of spine
- laminectomy
- surgical removal of part of skull
- craniectomy
- surgcial incision of skull
- craniotomy
- surgical repair of skull
- craniplasty
- surgical fixation of bone to correct deformity
- osteoclasis
- suturing or wiring of bones
- osteorrhaphy
- treatments of fractures
- immobilization
- putting extra force to keep bone aligned
- traction
- manually trying to put bone back in place
- manipulation
- broken bone
- closed reduction
- use of screws, plates, pins, and appliances
- fixation