Pharmacology Unit 2
Terms
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- 3 major categories of drug mechanism of action
- Drug-receptor Drug-enzyme Non specific
- How do drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system exert their effects in the body
- drug-receptor
- Central Nervous system comprised of
- Brain Spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system comprised of
- Autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system
- The somatic nervous system is under ___ control and supplies ____ muscle
- voluntary, skeletal
- The autonomic nervous system is under _____ control and supplies the following tissues
- Involuntary; 1.smooth muscle 2.cardiac muscle 3. glands/ducts
- Tissues under control of the ANS have the property of _____ or _____ which means they can
- automaticity, rhythmicity, generate electrical impulses
- Primary divisions of the ANS are the ____(SNS)adn the _____(PSNS) nervous systems
- Sympathetic, parasympathetic
- The _____division, (fight or flight) controls/affects the body during times of _____
- sympathetic , stress
- The _____ division(rest and digest) controls the body during times of _____
- parasympathetic, rest
- Both divisions are 2 neuron systems that are comprised of pre-and post=____ neurons
- ganglionic
- In the SNS,pre-ganglionic neurons are _____ and post ganglionic neurons are _____. the ratio between pre-and post- ganglionic neurons is ___
- short, long 1:17-20
- In the PSNS,preganglionic neurons are _____ and post-ganglionic neurons are_____.the ratio of pre-to post-ganglionic neurons is
- long, short 1:1-2
- Neurotransmitters released at ganglia in BOTH divisions is ____. Neurotransmitter released postganglionically in SNS is _____. _____is neurotransmitter released postganglionically in PSNS.
- Acetylcholine norepinephrine acteylcholine
- Receptor sites in SNS
- Alpha-1 beta-1 beta-2
- Receptor site in SNS Alpha-1 primiarily located
- smooth muscle of arteries
- Receptor site in SNS Beta-1 primarily located ____
- in the heart
- Receptor site in the SNS Beta-2 primarily located in
- smooth muscle surrounding bronchioles
- Major transmitters of the SNS
- epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
- Epinephrine,norepinephrine and dopamine are called catecholamines because
- Their similar chemical structures
- SNS receptor site Alpha-1 which neurotransmitter do they receive
- NE EPI
- SNS receptor site Beta-1 Which neurotransmitters do they receive
- NE EPI
- Receptor site in SNS Beta-2 Which neurotransmitter do they receive?
- EPI
- Receptor sites in PSNS
- Muscarinic Nicotinic I
- ___PSNS receptor sites are located throughout the body in tissues under autonomic control
- muscarinic
- ____PSNS receptor sites are located in the ganglia in both SNS and PSNS
- Nicotinic I
- Receptor sites in the somatic division
- nicotinic II in skeletal muscle
- Muscarinic, Nicotinic I and Nicotinic II receptors all receive the neurotransmitter ____
- Ach
- Drug classification that mimics SNS, ____-agonists that bind directly with receptor sites in the SNS
- Adrenergic
- Drug classification the mimics SNS ____-blockers, or antagonists that block receptor sits in the PSNS and mimic effects of SNS
- Cholinergic`
- Drug classification that mimic PSNS ____-agonists that bind directly with receptor sites in the PSNS
- cholinergic
- drug classification that mimics the PSNS, ______-blockers, or antagonists that block receptor sites in the SNS and mimic effects of PSNS
- adrenergic
- Difference between selective and non-selective Beta-1 blockers?
- Selective beta blocker work only on Beta-1 receptors (cardioselective) Nonselective beta blockers block beta-1 & Beta-2&cause bronchioconstriction
- In what conditions are non-selective Beta-1 blockers contraindicated? WHy
- CAD, asthma,COPD They constrict coronary arteries and constrict bronchioles
- Beta-1 andrenergic drugs: Positive inotropic
- Increase force of myocardial contraction
- Beta-1 Andrenergic drugs: Negative inotropic
- decrease force of myocardial contraction
- Beta-1 adrenergic drug: Positive chronotropic
- increase heart rate
- Beta-1 adrenergic drugs: Negative Chronotropic
- decrease heart rate
- Beta Adrenergic drugs: Positive dromotropic
- Increase speed of electrical conduction
- Beta-1 adrenergic drugs: Negative dromotropic
- decrease speed of electrical conduction
- Enzymes ___ and ___ cause reuptake of NE back into the nerve terminal in the SNS.
- MAO,COMT
- When we give an MAO inhibitor like _____(enhances effects of Parkinson's drugs), we allow dopamine and NE to rise in synaptic cleft
- selegeline
- Parkinson's disease is treated with ____ and ____ classifications of drugs because they decrease levels of ____ and increase levels of ____ in the synaptic cleft
- Anti-cholinergic and dopanergic; Ach, dopamine
- Myasthenia gravis is treated with _____ drugs because they increse levels of ____ in the synaptic cleft
- anti-acetylcholinesterase, Ach
- Histamines are produced in ____ and basophilic white cells.
- Mast cells
- The largest concentration of mast cells are in the ___ and ____.
- lungs & GI tract
- Histamine binds with ___ receptors located on ________.
- H1, bronchiolar smooth muscle
- List the effects of histamine on the body
- Hypotension increased heart rate brochoconstriction GI complications response of Lewis increased gastric acid
- Drugs that prevent mast cell from releasing histamine are called ______ or _______
- mast-cell stabilizers or anti-allergic agents
- Drugs that block histamine from interfacing with its H1 receptors are called ____ or _____
- antihistaminic or H1 receptor antagonists
- What is the major difference between 1st and 2nd generation antihistaminic agents
- 1st generation cross BBB-cause drowsiness, 2nd generation doesn't cross BBB, no drowsiness
- How do decongestant drugs exert their action
- vasoconstriction
- 5 major classifications of drug used to treat asthma
- bronchodilators steroids Leukotriene antogonists mucolytics expectorants
- 3 major drug categories used to bronchodilate in asthma
- adrenergic agents, anti-cholinergic agents, xanthine compounds
- COPD
- Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease common respiratory caused by emphysema and chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Disease involving destruciton of alveolar walls. Difficulty expelling air from lungs. Respiratory exhange reduced and shortness of breath Irreversible lung damage
- Brohchitis
- irritation of respiratory tract (chronic caused by smoke or environmental pollutants
- Asthma
- Respiratory condition characterized by shortness of breath and wheezing. Caused by bronchiolar constriction
- Major effect in body of: CHOLINERGIC agonists
- Effects of PSNS Limited to eye and GI/GU applications
- Major effect in body of: ALPHA-1 adrenergic blockers
- Block vasoconstriction
- Major effect in body of : BETA-1 adrenergic blockers
- Decrease heart rate
- Major effect in body of : BETA-2 adrenergic blockers
- Bronchoconstriction
- Major effect in body of: ALPHA-1 adrenergic agonist
- vasoconstriction
- Major effect in body of: BETA-1 adernergic agonist
- increase heart rate
- major effect in body of: BETA-2 adrenergic agonist
- bronchodilation
- Major effect in body of: CHOLINERGIC BLOCKER (anti-cholinergic)
- mimic all SNS effects, limited to eye and GI/GU applications (atropine used as pre-op medication)