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BIOCH27

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Phylum of of flatworms
Platyhelminthes
soft, flattened worms that have tissues and internal organ systems, they have 3 embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization
flatworms
fluid-filled body cavity that is lined with mesoderm
coelom
Why are flatworms known as acoelomates
no coelom forms between the tissues of flatworms
TorF flatworms are the simplest animals to have 3 germ layers
true
Rely on diffusion for respiratrion and excretion, free living can be carnivores or scavengers, have muscular tube called a pharynx, waste products excreted from the bodies by flame cells, free-living have several ganglia, have eyespots, have cilia on epid
flatworms
specialized cells that filter and remove excess water from the body, remove metabolic wastes
flame cells
ganglia
groups of nerve cells, that control the nervous system
group of cells htat detect changes in light
eyespots
hermaphrodite
individual that has both male and female reproductive organs
fission
and animal splits into two and each half grows new parts oto become a complete individual
flatworms, free-livings, marine or freshwater, mostly bottom dwellers, ex. planarians, vary in coler, form, and size
Turbellaria
flukes, parasitic, infect internal organs, life cycle consists of multiple hosts
Trematoda
tapeworms, long and flat, parasitic, live in intestines, have scolex and proglottids
Cestodia
structure that can contain suckers or hooks to attach to the intestinal wall
scolex
proglottids
segments which make up the worms body
What are the three classes of flatworms
Tubellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda
slender, unsegmented worms with tapering ends, microscopic to meter in length, mostly free-living, have 3 germ layers, have a pseudocoelom, digestive tract with 2 openings
roundworms (nemotoda)
body cavity only partially lined with mesoderm, "false coelom"
pseudocoelom
free-living are carnivores, soil and aquatic eat algae, fungi, or decaying matter, use diffusion for resp, circ, and excretion, having several ganglia, repro- sexual seperate mandf, internal fert, para many hosts
roundworms (nematoda)
Parasitic roundworms
trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, ascarid worms, and hookworms
Larvae traviel through the bloodstream and burrow into organs and tissues, causing pain for host, completes cycle when cysts are ate by other animal
trichinosis-causing worms
threadlike worms that live in the blood and lymph vessels of birds and mammals, transmitted by biting insects can block the passage of fluids within the lymph vessels, causes elephantiasis
filarial worms
cause malnutrition, found in intestines of host, develop in longs then coughed up and swallowed, puppies get wormed for these
ascarid worms
eggs hatch and develop in the soil, use teeth and hooks to burrow into skin and enter the bloodstream, suck host's blood
hookworms
Phylum of earthorms
annelida
ring-like apperance of body segments, segments separated by septa, have setae for movement, have true coelom, tube within a tube digestive tract
annelids
internal walls between each segment
septa
have a pharynx, carnivorous species have jaws used to attack prey, herbivores have sticky mucus on pharynx, some filter feed, pharynx pumps food into esophagus, have crop and gizzard
annelids
circ- closed circulatory system, resp- aqua breathe through gills, land diffusion through skin
annelids
excre-produce 2 types of waste, solid through anus, and nitrogen eliminated by nephridia, respon- well developed nerv sys
annelids
Move- 2 groups of muscles- longitudinal muscles and circular, marine ones have parapodia for swimming and crawling
annelids
repro- sexually, some are hermaphrodites, 2 attach to each other, clitellum
annelids
fan water through tubelike burrows and catch food particles in a mucus bag
filter feeders
blood is circulated of blood through a network vessels
closed circulatory system
gills
a filamentous organ specialized for the exchange of gases underwater
excretory organs that filter fluid in the coelom
nephridia
longitudinal muscles
run front to back and can contract to make the worm shorter and fatter
circular muscles
wrap around each body segment and can contract to make the worm longer and thinner
paddlelike appendages used for swimming and crawling
parapodia
band of thickened special segments, secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released
clitellum
three classes of annelids
oligochaeta, hirudinea, polychaeta
typically have only a few setae adn live in soil or fresh water, earthworms, tubiflex worms
oligochaetes
typically external parasites, suck blood, powerful suckers at both ends of body, use proboscis or jaws to pierce skin
Hirudinea
Sandworms, bloodworm, and their relatives, marine have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae, live in cracks and crevices
polychaetes
participate in food chains in the sea, and provide passageways for plant roots and water and allow the growth of soil bacteria
annelids
Phylum of snails
Mollusca
soft-bodied that usually have an internal or external shell, snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopi, many have free-swim larval stage called trochopore
Mollusca
free-swimming larval stage of mollusca
trochophore

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