science voab. ch. 19
Terms
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- pathogens
- organisms that cause diseases
- infectious disease
- a disease that can pass from one person to another
- pasteurization
- a heating process that is widely used to kill microorganisms in food products such as milk
- phagocyte
- a white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down
- inflammatory response
- part of the body's defense against pathogens, in which fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into tissues; the white blood cells destroy pathogens by breaking them down
- immune response
- part of the body's defense against pathogens in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen
- lymphocyte
- white blood cell that reacts to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen
- T cell
- a lymphocyte that identifies pathogens and distinguishes one pathogen from another
- antigen
- a molecule on a cell that the immune system can recognize either as part of the body or as coming from outside the body
- B cell
- a lymphocyte that produces chemicals that help destroy a specific kind of pathogen
- antibody
- a chemical produced by a B cell of the immune system that destroys a specific kind of pathogen
- AIDS
- (aquired immunnodeficiency syndrome) a disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system
- immunity
- the ability of the immune system to destroy pathogens before they can cause diseases
- active immunity
- immunity that occurs when a person's own immune system produces antibodiesin response to the presence of a pathogen
- vaccination
- the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a person's body to produce active immunity
- vaccine
- a substance used in vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system into action
- passive immunity
- immunity in which the antibodies that fight a pathogen come from another organism rather than from the person's own body
- antibiotic
- a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming the body cells of humans
- noninfectious disease
- a disease that does not spread fom person to person
- allergy
- a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance
- histamine
- a chical that is responsible for the syptoms of an allergy
- asthma
- a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly
- insulin
- a chical produced in the pancreas that enables the body's cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy
- diabetes
- a condition in which either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, or the body' cells can't use it properly
- tumor
- a mass of abnormal cells that develop when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably
- carcinogen
- a sudstance or a factor in the environment that can cause cancer