NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Terms
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- what are NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
- they are hospital acquired, due to increased inpt days, due to debilitated states and opportunistic infections brought on by poor handwashing
- 4 basic types of microorganism
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1)BACTERIA (atypical nuc, RNA & DNA)
2)FUNGI (asexual repro, mold, yeast, like moist and dark)
3)PROTOZOA (complex and motile, cilia)
4)VIRUSES (has RNA & DNA) - basic bacterial structure
-
1) COCCI
2) DIPLOCOCCI
3) STREPTOCOCCI
4) STAPHYLOCOCCI - RESPIRATORY ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
-
1) MASK (YES)
2) GOWN (NO)
3) GLOVES (NO)
4) HANDWASH BEFORE AND AFTER (YES) - DRAINAGE/SECRETION PRECAUTION
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1) MASK (Y/N)
2) GOWN (Y/N) SOILING?
3) GLOVES (Y IF TOUCHING)
4) HANDWASH (Y) - CONTACT ISO PRECAUTIONS
-
1) MASK (N)
2) GOWN (Y IF SOILING)
3) GLOVES (Y)
4) HANDWASH (Y) - ENTERIC/INTESTINAL PRECAUTIONS
-
1) MASK(N)
2) GOWN (Y IF SOILING)
3) GLOVES (Y IF TOUCHING)
4) HANDWASH (Y) - STRICT ISO PRECAUTIONS
-
1) MASK (Y)
2) GOWNS (Y)
3) GLOVES (Y)
4) HANDWASH (Y)
5) DISPOSE MATERIAL IN ROOM BEFORE EXIT - WHAT IS ENTERIC/INTESTINAL INFECTION
- intestinal infection = from disease condition that cause bowel movt probs or spread of normal flora systemically. common symptoms: stomach aches, diarrhea, vomiting. culprit: e coli, shingella, salmonella
- TB EXPOSURE F/U
-
1) PERSON TESTED
2) + skin ARE TREATED, (INH, microbial Tx)
3) - skin RETESTED IN 6 WK
4) LOOK FOR SYMPTOMS: FEVER, SWEATS, WEIGHT -, TIRED, COUGHING BLOOD - proper HANDWASHING
-
1) wet hands w/ warm water
2) apply plenty of soap/disinfectants
3) lather 10-15s
4) rinse well
5) dry well
6) turn faucet w/towel - HEP A
-
1)fecal oral (food, water)
2)incubation 15-50 days
3)jaundice, wt loss, fatigue, liver damage
4)diet restoration of liver - HEP B
-
1)blood borne
2) transfusion
3) needles, drug user
4) typical symptoms, more severe
5) long term dietary restoration - HEP C
- strictly IV drug users, combo of A&B, severe problems, PROG is poor, 28,000 new cases/yr
- what is MRSA
-
methicillin resistant staphlococcus aureus epidermidis
nosocomial
main class resistant organism, inappropriate use of antimicrobials - what is VRE
-
vancomycin resistant enterococcus
nosocomial
main class resistant organism, inappropriate use of antimicrobials - risk factors for VRE & MRSA
-
1) long stays
2) Tx w/ many antimicrobials
3) if you are a burn, transplant, AIDS, oncology, very ill, or immuno suppressed - LIVER Fx
- exposed to most ingested nutrients and drugs. nutrients are metabolized and detox substances and provide body w/ protein, clotting factors and plasma makeup
- what happens w/LIVER DAMAGE
- decreased in ability to use nutrients, make needed plasma proteins, and detox substances. damage usually comes from a virus.
-
risk factors for LIVER DAMAGE
HIGH RISK -
1)IV DRUG
2)TRANSFUSION BEFORE '92
3)CLOTTING FACTORS BEFORE '87
4) COCAINE USE (NASAL)
5) THOSE FROM AREAS W/UV PRECAUTIONS -
RISK FACTORS FOR LIVER DAMAGE
MODERATE RISK -
1) TATOO
2) ACUPUNCTURE
3) BODY PIERCING
4) LONG TERM HEMODIALYSIS
5) OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE -
general AIDS info
PATTERN I EXIST IN DEVELOPED/URBAN COUNTRIES
PATTERN II EXIST IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES -
1) infection rate is up, double in 6yrs
2) spread via, blood/body fluid, sex, mother 2 baby
3)rate is same for women & monorites, males show decrease
4)leading cause of death for AfroAm males 25-40yrs
5) teen males new hi-risk group