Chapter 13 Vocabulary (DNA Technology)
Terms
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copy deck
- cloning vector
-
a carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism
to another - DNA fingerprint
-
a pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an
individualÂ’s DNA - DNA technology
- technology involved in genetic engineering
- donor gene
-
a specific gene that is isolated from another organism and spliced
into a plasmid - gel electrophoresis
-
technique used to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size
and charge - gene clone
- an exact copy of a gene
- gene therapy
-
treatment of a genetic disorder by introducing a healthy gene into
a cell - genetic engineering
-
a form of applied genetics in which scientists directly
manipulate genes - genomic library
-
a set of thousands of DNA pieces cut by a specific restriction
enzyme - herbicide
- weed-controlling chemicals
- Human Genome Project
-
worldwide scientific collaboration to determine the
nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome - insulin
- a hormone that lowers the blood glucose level
- nitrogen fixation
-
the process by which gaseous nitrogen in the air is
converted into ammonia - pathogen
- an organism that causes disease
- plasmid
- a single ring of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
-
technique used to quickly make many
copies of selected segments of DNA - primer
-
an artificially made single-stranded sequence of DNA required for the
initiation of replication - probe
- a radioactive segment of DNA used in DNA fingerprinting
- recombinant DNA
-
a DNA segment from at least two different
organisms - restriction enzyme
-
a protein that recognizes specific sequences in a DNA
molecule and cuts it into pieces - RFLP analysis
-
restriction fragment length polymorphism; the method for
preparing a DNA fingerprint - sticky end
-
the single-stranded end of a double-stranded DNA fragment that
can form base pairs with another sticky end of a DNA fragment cut by the same
enzyme - transgenic organism
-
a host organism that has received recombinant
DNA - vaccine
-
a solution containing a harmless version of a virus, bacterium, or toxin
that causes an immune response when introduced to the body