Biology ch 3
Terms
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- cohesion
- the binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds
- adhesion
- the clinging of one substance to another
- surface tension
- a measure of how difficult it is to strech or break the surface of a liquid
- kinetic energy
- the energy of motion
- heat
- the measure of the total quatity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter
- temperature
- measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of the molecules
- calorie
- a unit of heat; the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C
- specific heat
- the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of water to change its temperature by 1 degree C
- heat of vaporization
- the quantitiy of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from liquid to gas
- solution
- a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
- solvent
- the dissolving agent of a solution
- solute
- the substance that is dissolved
- aqueous solution
- solution in which water is the solvent
- hydrophilic
- "water-loving"; having an affinity for water
- hydrophobic
- "water-fearing"; having an aversion to water; tending to coalese and form droplets of water
- mole
- equal in number to the molecular weight of a substance, but upscaled from daltons to units of grams
- molecular weight
- the sum of the weights of all the atoms in a molecule
- hydrogen ion
- a single proton with a charge of +1
- hydroxide ion
- OH- ; molecule that loses a proton; charge of -1
- acid
- substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution
- base
- a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
- pH scale
- a measure of hydrogen ion concentation equal to -log[H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14
- buffers
- substances that minimize changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution
- acid precipitation
- rain, fog, or snow that is more acidic than pH 5.6