Anatomy test 4 part 1
Terms
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- Endocrine System
- a system of ductless glands that secrete messenger molecules called hormones
- Hormone Functions
- growth of the body and reproductive organs, mobilization of body defenses against stress, maintenance of blood chemistry and control of the rate of oxygen used by the body's cells
- exocrine glands
- secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface
- peptide hormones
- formed from chains of amino acids, makes up most hormones, longer chains called protein hormones ex growth hormone
- steroid hormones
- type of lipid derived from cholesterol ex testosterone
- Biogenic amines
- small molecules produced by altering the structure of a specific amino acid ex thyroid hormone
- negative feedback loop
- a stimulus starts a process, and eventually either the hormone that is secreted or a product of its effects causes the process to slow down or turn off ex blood glucose level
- positive feedback loop
- accelerates the original process, either to ensure that the pathway continues to run or to speed up its activities (not as common as negative feedback loop) ex the process of milk release
- hypothalamus
- master control center of the endocrine system
- oxytocin and ADH
- both are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
- infundibulum
- connects the pituitary gland to hypothalamus
- hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
- process that allows blood to travel from the hypothalamus directly to the pituitary gland without having to go to the heart
- hormones of the anterior pituitary
- thyroid stimulating hormone prolactin ACTH growth hormone follicle stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone
- thyroid gland
- immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and anterior to the trachea butterfly shaped secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin
- calcitonin
- responds to excess of calcium in the blood by slowing action of osteoclasts and decrease concentration of calcium in the blood
- thyroid hormone
- controls metabolic rate
- parathyroid glands
- small brownish red glands on the back of thyroid houses chief cells and oxyphil cells
- chief cells
- source of parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium ions from bone matrix into the bloodstream
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