85 board I questions
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- The fiber group in the periodontal ligament that constitutes the main support of the tooth against masticatory forces is the
- oblique
- Nonarticular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint are covered with
- periosteum
- The epithelial root sheath (Hertwig) is essential to development of the root of a tooth because it
- molds the shape of the root and stimulates differentiation of odontoblasts.
- In skeletal muscle, a triad consists of
- terminal cisternae and a fingerlike invagination of the sarcolemma.
- sarcolemma
- the thin transparent homogeneous sheath enclosing a striated muscle fiber
- Which of the following adult salivary glands are entirely serous?
- Ebner's and parotid
- The alternate loosening and tightening of a primary tooth that is about to be shed results from
- alternate resorption and apposition of cementurn and bone.
- Of the structures seen on a ground section of a permanent lateral incisor, which of the following was formed first?
- Enamel spindle
- Perikymata
- minute transverse ridges on the surface of the enamel of a tooth which correspond to the incremental lines of Retzius
- Colloid in the usual thyroid follicle stains
- acidophilic
- The normoblast is a developmental stage of the
- erythrocyte
- Which of the following has no lymph sinuses and is surrounded partly by connective tissue and partly by epithelium, the latter forming deep infoldings?
- pharyngeal tonsil
- In a relaxed state, transitional epithelium can be distinguished from stratified squamous epithelium because transitional epithelium contains
- dome-shaped superficial cells
- The free gingival groove is related to the
- arrangement of supraalveolar fibers
- Which of the following layers is totally lacking in thin skin?
- Stratum lucidum
- Gingiva is different from alveolar mucosa in that gingiva has
- high connective tissue papillae
- Cyclic DNA has been found in or associated with which of the following organelles?
- mitochondria
- Bifid tongue is a result of lack of fusion of the
- lateral swellings
- Schwann's cells arise from
- neural crest cells
- Inorganic crystals in enamel have their long axes parallel to the rods in the
- bodies of the rods and deviating increasingly in the tails.
- The spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the midline of the cranial base of a newborn consists of
- hyaline cartilage
- The papillary layer of the dermis differs from the reticular layer in that the papillary layer
- is more finely constructed, whereas the reticular layer contains coarser collagenous fibers as a component
- The oral mucosa of the cheek differs from the skin covering the outer surface of the lip by possessing
- a stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized. epithelium with a thinner lamina propria
- Long bones of the skeleton increase in length because of
- interstitial growth in the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate.
- Polymerization of amino acids to form procollagen filaments occurs
- in the golgi apparatus
- In salivary glands, folds of the basal portion of the cell membrane containing mitochondria are characteristic of the
- cells of the striated ducts
- During growth of the mandible, resting lines are seen in the cortical bone. This phenomenon is a result of
- bone apposition
- Multiple root formation in a tooth follows unequal proliferation of the
- epithelial diaphragm
- In which of the following glands is the blood supply most isolated from the parenchyma?
- Thymus
- A lymph node is characterized by
- containing medullary cords
- The component of bone tissue that gives bone tensile strength is the
- collagenous fibrils of matrix
- Articular surfaces of most diarthrodial joints are covered by
- hyaline cartilage
- Blood vessels in interdental papillae anastomose freely with
- both periodontal and intraalveolar vessels.
- Maxillary teeth are developed from which of the following embryonic structures
- Arch I, Globular process
- The fate of the epithelial rests of Malassez is that they may
- undergo calcification; (b) form into cementicles
- All of the following structures are concerned with development of the tongue
-
copula.tuberculum impar.
second branchial arch.
third branchial arch. - The artery most commonly involved in stroke is the
- lenticulostriate
- Which of the following structures may be found within the posterior mediastinum
- Thoracic duct
- The arterial supply of the submandibular gland is from which branch of the external carotid artery?
- Facial
- Which of the following structures crosses the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator muscle?
- Parotid duct
- Which of the following arteries is most concerned with the blood supply to the upper lip?
- facial
- The middle cranial fossa is separated from the posterior cranial fossa primarily by the
- petrous part of the temporal bone
- The middle cerebral artery is distributed on the
- lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
- The sphenomandibular ligament is attached to the
- spine of the sphenoid bone and lingula of the mandible
- After exertion, an athlete is puffing. Which of the following paired muscles helps maintain a wide airway through the larynx?
- Posterior cricoarytenoid
- The greater peritoneal sac communicates with the lesser peritoneal sac by means of the
- epiploic foramen
- The circulatory system of a near-term fetus differs from that of an adult in that, in the fetus, the
- foramen ovale allows blood to pass primarily from the right atrium to the left atrium.
- In an adult, cerebrospinal fluid can be aspirated most safely by inserting the needle between third and fourth lumbar vertebrae because
- the spinal cord does not extend below lumbar 2.
- The upper five or six anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the
- internal thoracic arteries
- Infections or neoplasms that spread by lymphatics from the skin of the angle of the mouth pass to the
- submandibular nodes
- To expose the submandibular duct by an intraoral approach, one must cut through
- mucous membrane only.
- The pterygoid plexus and its tributaries are the venous parallel of the
- maxillary artery.
- Which of the following is found in the curve of the duodenum?
- Head of the pancreas
- Which of the following articulate directly with the body of the sternum
- Manubrium, Xiphoid process
- Ligamentous remnants of the fetal circulatory system persisting in the adult include
- ligamentum venosum, ligamentum arteriosum, ligamentum teres of the liver
- Which of the following structures of the infratemporal fossa is found between medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
-
Lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
Inferior alveolar artery - Which of the following structures of the infratemporal fossa is NOT found between medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
- Nerve to the masseter muscle
- All of the following structures lie superficial to the hyoglossus muscle EXCEPT the
- lingual artery
- All of the following structures lie superficial to the hyoglossus muscle
-
lingual nerve,hypoglossal nerve.
submandibular duct - The km value of an enzyme is numerically equal to
- substrate concentration in moles/liter necessary to achieve half the maximum velocity of a reaction
- The ketone body acetoacetate is synthesized inside mitochondria of hepatocytes by
- cleavage of B-hydroxy-B-methylglutaryl CoA.
- Human parotid saliva is believed to be hyposmolar because
- reabsorption of water by striated duct cells is less than reabsorption of sodium.
- Two atoms are considered isotopic if
- their atomic numbers are the same, but their mass numbers differ.
- A deficiency of vitamin A in a developing tooth most likely affects the
- enamel.
- With glutamic acid as an amino group donor, alanine can be synthesized directly from which of the following acids
- Pyruvic acid
- The most abundant form of iron in human blood plasma is found
- associated with transferrin.
- DNA damage by ultraviolet light is due to
- induction of dimerization by way of covalent bonds between adjacent thymine groups.
- Sucrose is a glycoside of which of the following structures?
- a-D-glucopyranosido-B-D-fructofuranoside
- Which of the following is a function of vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate)?
- Acts as coenzyme in transamination reactions
- The two chains of double stranded DNA are so arranged that
- hydrophobic aromatic nitrogen bases are held close to each other.
- Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the formation of uric acid from purines
- Xanthine oxidase
- Carbon dioxide or bicarbonate is required in the biosynthesis of fatty acids because
- carbon dioxide is incorporated into acetyl coenzyme A forming malonyl coenzyme A, an intermediate in the synthetic process.
- Which of the following statements is true concerning fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid breakdown?
- Both require phosphopantothenic acid.
- Which of the following is true of the Tm (melting temperature) of a given DNA double helix?
- Is a function of the base composition
- Which of the following tissues is primarily responsible for formation of urea?
- Liver
- Hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen biosynthesis occurs
- after translation
- Which of the following is most likely to promote depolymerization of the ground substance?
- Hyaluronidase
- Prostaglandins are made within cells
- from polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Some amino acids need not be present in the diet of an animal because of the animal's ability to synthesize the acids at an adequate rate. A principal source of carbon for these amino acids is
- metabolism of carbohydrates
- Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is activated by
- epinephrine
- The amino acid composition of mammalian collagen (Type 1) is characterized by the presence of
- hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine; (c) no sulfur-containing amino acids; (d) glycine, as nearly one-third the total number of amino acid residues
- Which of the following molecules is NOT part of the mammalian cell membrane
- Endotoxin
- Which of the following hormones does NOT induce activation of adenylate cyclase?
- Insulin
- Which of the following is least soluble in solutions with low pH?
- Fluorapatite
- Which of the following compounds does contain a high-energy bond
-
ATP
Acetyl CoA
UDP-glucose Phosphoenolypyruvate - Which of the following compounds does NOT contain a high-energy bond?
- Glucose-6-phosphate
- Glutamate dehydrogenase can catalyze the formation of glutamate from ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate using NADPH as a cofactor.
- NH+, is formed from glutamine in the kidney.
- Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning fluoride?
- It occurs only in the ionic form in plasma.
- Which of the following statements true concerning fluoride?
-
It is excreted rapidly by the kidney.
It is deposited in calcified tissuesIt passes the placental barrier relatively slowly.
At 1 ppm. in water, it is tasteless, odorless and colorless. - An impulse can travel from one nerve to another in only one direction because the
- synapse limits the direction of travel
- Which of the following is the major contributor to colloid osmotic pressure
- albumin
- The dominant factor controlling absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract is
- saturation of mucosal cells with iron.
- Where is norepinephrine stored
- At postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
- The main control over body temperature, located in a portion of the central nervous system, is the
- hypothalamus.
- The second heart sound is related to
- closure of aortic valves
- The major center in the brain for autonomic nervous system regulation is the
- hypothalamus.
- In the absence of compensatory changes, a drop in blood pressure results from
- decreased venous return
- The most likely cause of an increase in filtration fraction is
- efferent arteriolar constriction
- A deficiency of rhodopsin is most likely caused by decreased dietary intake of
- vitamin A.
- rho·dop·sin
- important in vision in dim light
- The primary effect of calcitonin is to
- inhibit bone resorption
- The belief that the secretion of saliva is an active process is supported by the observation that
- secretion continues even when the pressure within the salivary duct is higher than the blood pressure
- The process by which extensor muscles acting at a particular joint are inhibited by stretch of the flexor muscle acting at the same joint is
- reciprocal inhibition
- Any substance that is filtered by glomeruli and secreted, but not reabsorbed, by renal tubules will have a renal clearance that is
- greater than the clearance of inulin (a diagnostic agent in a test for kidney function)
- geniohyoid muscle on top of
- mylohyoid ms
- sublingual gland on top of
- mylohyoid and geniohyoid ms
- majority of submandibular gland beneath
- mylohyoid ms
- hyoglossus on top of
- mylohyoid ms