Horses
Terms
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- Respiratory Disease
- URI- viral etiology, Flu- coughing, snotty nose
- Ultrasound
- done as early as 25-30 days
- twitch
- device used to grasp horses nose or ear for restraint
- foaling
- birthing, act of parturition
- Middles (intermediates)
- Eruption of permanents: 3.5 years
- mule
- offspring of a Jack and a Mare (sterile and larger than a donkey)
- Farrier
- person who trims feet and shoes horses
- Hobble
- tying of the front or rear legs together to prevent running or kicking
- Pony breeds
- any breed of horse standing less than 14.2 hands high
- Tetanus toxoid
- pregnant mares 1 month prior to foaling, builds up resistance
- Placenta
- should be dropped within 1-6 hrs, save in a bucket for exam later
- Colic
- abdominal pain. The most common cause in horses is parasites or blood worms
- Equine dentistry
- sedate horse, place mouth speculum or hold tongue and file the points
- Far side or off side
- Horse's right side
- Palomino
- yellow to gold body color with cream to white points
- Estrous Cycle
- 21 days
- Gray
- Black and white hairs mixed into a base color
- Sharp points on teeth form
- On the inside of lower jaw and outside of upper arcade
- Temporary teeth
- smaller, whiter, constricted at the gum line
- Hinny
- offspring of a Stallion and a Jenny. Smaller in size than a mule (usually sterile, looks like a small horse)
- Teasing Procedure
- parading the mare to the stallion to look for signs of heat: whinney, turns rear toward stallion, squat and urinate frequently, "wink" vulvar lips, slight mucus discharge= mare will stand for breeding
- Piebald
- black and white color pattern
- Weaning age
- 4-6 months
- Chestnut
- deep red body color, which has black hairs intermingled
- Azoturia
- AKA Monday Morning Disease, Tying-Up Syndrome. Occurs when a horse is asked to work following an extended rest. The horse will stiffen, sweat, and produce dark urine
- Digestive System
- Monogastric with an enlarged cecum
- Bay
- a brownish-red body color with black points
- Normal Adult Pulse
- 30-45 bpm
- Founder
- Laminitis or inflammation of the sensitive lamina binding the hoof wall to the coffin bone (P-III). Secondary to laminitis- the coffin bone rotates.
- Stock work
- ranch, amish, rodeo
- Gait
- the forward movement of a horse
- Restraint
- Never approach from the rear without warning. Physical- halter, lip shank, nose twitch, ear twitch. Chemial- sedation
- Buckskin
- Yellow body color with black points
- Horses have a full mouth at..
- 5 years of age
- Smooth mouthed at
- 11 years, no cups upper or lower
- Mature weight
- dependant upon breed. Ave. wt. 800-1000 lbs
- Foal Heat
- The first heat after foaling, usually within 4-14 days of foaling
- Normal Breeding Season
- Feb-July
- angle of incisors
- lessens as the horse ages
- Roan
- a mixture of white and colored hairs intermingled
- Lower nipper cups
- gone at 6 years
- Normal Body Temperature
- 100 F
- Dun
- Horses with red points, which have red rather than black dorsal stripes and/or zebra stripes
- Paints and Pintos
- have patterns of random areas of white on any base color
- Black
- A rare color, will fade in sunlight to give a reddish, sunburned appearance to the body
- West Nile
- Vector- mosquitoe, 38% mortality, neurological disease, vaccinate
- Gestation
- 11-11.5 months (335-340 days)
- Cold Bloods
- Breeds that are quiet and gentle (Draft Breeds)
- Number of Deciduous "milk teeth"
- 24
- Hand
- a unit of measurement (4") to measure a horse's height from ground to top of withers
- Lower middle cups
- gone at 7 years
- Floating
- use dental float regularly in horses over 5 years old to file down points that develop from scissor action of jaw to prevent mouth ulcers
- Brood mare
- an adult female used exclusively for breeding
- Foaling Season
- Jan 1st thru June
- Racing
- fast track racing- 1/2 mile
- Overo
- the horse has jagged edged white markings on the midsection of the body and neck, and one or more legs are dark colored. The white usually does not cross the back btwn the withers and tail. Colored pored on horse while tipped over on its back
- Warm Bloods
- produced by crossing a cold blood with a hot blood (Hanoverian, Dutch Warm Blood, Trakheiner)
- Blood progesterone
- 21 days or more after breeding
- Birth weight
- 100 lbs or more
- Potomac Horse Fever
- Equine ehrlichial colitis, acute diarrhea cause by E. risticii, vectors- ticks, fleas, lice. Vaccinate
- Barren Mare
- Open, non-pregnant mare
- Foaling Stall
- size of 2 box stalls, box stall= 12'x12'
- Skewbald
- white and any other color but black
- Tetanus antitoxin
- treats or boosters
- Equine Usage
- 75% are used for pleasure/pets (show, trail riding, yard ornaments). 25% actually work (ranching, racing, breeding, rodeo)
- Heaves
- chronic respiratory condition in horses, similar to asthma
- Near Side
- Horse's left side, the mounting side
- Hoof Disease
- quarter cracks in wall due to lack of trimming. Founder/laminitis, abscess
- Jennet (Jenny)
- Female donkey
- frog
- center fleshy part of bottom of horse's foot that acts as a shock absorber as the horse walks
- Permanent teeth
- 40-42 teeth depending on the presence of "wolf teeth"
- Normal Foal Pulse
- 45-75 bpm
- Hot Bloods
- breeds that are spirited, or high strung (Arabians, Thoroughbreds)
- Centrals (nippers)
- Eruption of permanents: 2.5 years
- Equine Infectious Anemia
- Vector- blood borne, Coggin's rest prior to travel, every 6 months
- Viral Rhinopneumonitis
- Pneumonia, abortions
- Laterals
- Eruption of permanents: 4.5 years
- Chewing action
- the upper jaw in cheek teeth area overlaps the lower jaw and horses chew with a sissor action. (do not grind)
- Mare Culture
- not necessary for maiden mares but is recommended for all older mares, or mares that have foaled. Done at 1st sign of heat.
- Maiden Mare
- A mare being bred for the first time or is carrying her first foal
- Pleasure
- riding, 4 H/show, cutting competitions
- Thrush
- fungus infection in plantar surface (rear feet) and palmar surfaces (front) of hoof
- lower lateral cups
- gone at 8 years
- Breeding age of Mares and Stallions
- usually bred at 2 years or older
- Behavior
- very intelligent and can put ideas together. They can remember bad as well as good habits. Training is key. Nonaggessive by nature. Instinctively will flee from danger. If cornered, they will strike, kick, and bite
- Equine housing
- must have adequate shelter from elements, avoid "rain rot", you must keep the area clear of all sharp protrusions, do not use barb wire fencing
- Tack
- Horse equipment, accessories, halter, bridles, saddles, etc.
- Yearling
- a horse, m/f, during the first year of their life after it's weaned
- Grullo or Grulla
- Bluish color with black points
- Brown
- a body color that is almost black, lighter around eyes
- Rectal exam
- usually done at 35-45 days to palpate fetus
- Encephalomyelitis- Sleeping Sickness
- Virus carried by mosquitoes, neurologic dead hors, vaccinate yearly
- Life span
- 25-40 years
- Start Vaccination Program
- at 8-10 weeks
- Jack
- Male donkey or ass
- Mares are bred
- on the 2nd and 3rd day of heat, then are teased daily thereafter
- Stay apparatus
- the ability of a horse to shift its weight and rest one hind leg and/or sleep while standing
- Tobiano
- Has dark colors on head, chest and flanks, but the tail and lower legs are white. Color is pored on top of horse
- Sorrel
- Body coat that is clear red
- Estrus
- 5-7 days, ovulation occurs about 1-2 days before end of heat