Skeletal System
Terms
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- impacted fracture
- broken bone ends are forced into each other
- arthritis
- inflammation or degenerative disease of joints
- closed(simple) fracture
- does not break skin
- Flat Bone
- thin and flattened, compact around spongy
- Long Bones
- shaft with heads at both ends, compact bone
- Canaliculi
- tiny canals, radiate from the central canal to lacune
- Bony Thorax
- forms a cage to protect major organs, sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebra
- Osteon
- unit of bone
- Articular Cartilage
- covers the external surface of the epiphsyis, hyline cartilage, decreases friction
- osteoclasts
- bone-destorying, break down matrix, release calcium
- Diaphysis
- shaft and composed of compact bone, long bone
- acl
- center on knee; cruciate
- Epipyseal Plate
- growth of long bone, new cartilage is continuously formed, other cartilage becomes ossified
- spiral fracture
- ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
- Ossification
- cartilage is broken down and replaced by bone
- Central Canal
- opening in center of osteon, carries blood vessels and nerves
- Depressions or cavities
- indentations
- Sharpey's Fibers
- secure periosteum to underlying bone
- bones cells involved in remodeling
- osteoblasts and osteoclasts
- natural splint
- fibrocartilage forms callus
- compression fracture
- bone is crushed
- Periosteum
- outside covering of diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue membrane
- Medullary Cavity
- cavity of shaft, yellow marrow, red in infant
- fibrose joints
- generally immovable; sutures and syndesmoses
- Open(compound) fracture
- goes through skin
- repair using bony callus
- bony callus is remodled to form a permanent patch
- synovial joints
- freely moveable; joint cavity, elcosed by articular capsules
- Short Bone
- cube shape, spongy bone, tasals
- osteoblasts
- bone-forming cells
- Spongy Bone
- small needle-like pieces of bone, many open spaces
- Tendonitis
- inflammation of tendon sheaths
- Bursitis
- inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
- Compact Bone
- homogenous
- depressed fracture
- broken bone portion is pressed inward
- amphiathroses
- slightly moveable joints
- Functions of Bones
- Support body, protect soft organs, movemen, storage of minerals and fats, bloods cells formation
- bone fracture treatement
- reduction and immpobilization, realignment of the bone
- greenstick
- bone breaks incompleletly, musch in the way a green twig breaks
- Syndesmoses
- allows more movement than sutures
- Projections and processes
- grow out from the bone surfaces
- Arteries
- supply bone cells with nutrients
- synarthroses
- immoveable joint
- comminuted fracture
- bone breaks into many fragments
- Lemallae
- rings around the central canal, site of lacunae
- bursae
- flattened fibrous sacs
- Gouty arthritis
- inflammation of joints in caused by a deposited urate crystals fromt he bloods, controlled with diet
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- an autoimmune disease, bilateral inflammation, leads to deformaties
- Axial Skeleton Parts
- skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
- cartilaginous joints
- immovable or slightly moveable; connected by cartilage-pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
- Epiphysis
- ends of bone, spongy bone
- Perforation (Volkman's) Canal
- canal perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessles and nerves
- Fontanelles
- fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones, allow the brain to grow, convert to bone within 24 months after birth
- osteoarthritis
- most common chronis arthritis, related to aging
- diathroses
- freely moveable joints
- Hyoid Bone
- only done that does not articulate with another bone, moveable base for the tounge
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells
- Lacunae (osteocytes)
- cavities containing bone cells, arranged in concentric rings