Med Term / Respitatory
Terms
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- Adenoids
- Collection of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx, also called the pharyngeal tonsils.
- Alveolus
-
Air sac in the lung
(pl: alveoli)` - Apex of the lung
- Uppermost portion of the lung. The apex is the top, end or tip ofa structure.
- Base of the lung
- Lower portion of the lung.
- Bronchioles
- Smallest branches of the bronchi.
- Bronchus
-
Branch of the trachea(windpipe) that is a passageway into the air spaces of the lung; bronchial tube
(pl:bronchi) - Carbon Dioxide
- CO2 - A gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lung.
- Cilia
- Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung.
- Diaphragm
- Muscle seperating the chest and the abdomen. It is the most important muscle for breathing.
- Epiglottis
- Lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
- Expiration
- Breathing out (exhalation)
- Glottis
- Opening to the larynx
- Hilum (of lung)
- Midline region where thw bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
- Inspiration
- Breathing in (inhalation)
- Larynx
- Voice box
- Lobe
- Division of the lung
- Mediastinum
- Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. NIt contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchial tubes.
- Oxygen
- O2 - Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.
- Palatine tonsil
-
One of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx.
(palentine means pertaing to the roof of the mouth) - Paranasal sinus
- One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.
- Parietal pleura
- The outer fold of pleura lying closest to the ribs and wall of the thorasic cavity.
- Pharynx
- Throat; composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
- Pleura
- Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
- Pleural cavity
- Space between the folds of the pleura.
- Pulmonary parenchyma
- The essential cells of the lung, those performing its main function; the air sacs (alveoli) and small bronchioles.
- Trachea
- Windpipe
- Visceral pleura
- The inner fold of the pleura lying closest to the lung tissue.
- Pathway of air
- Nose, Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Lung capillaries (bloodstream)
- Asculation
- Listening to sounds withing the body.
- Percussion
- Tapping on a surface to determine the differences in the density of the underlying structure.
- Rales (crackles)
- Abnormal crackeling sounds heard during inspiration where there is fluid, blood or pus in the alveoli.
- Sputum
- Material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat.
- Stridor
- Strained, high-pitched, noisy sound made in inspiration; associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea.
- Wheezes
- Continuous high-pitched whisteling sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiratrion.
- Epistaxis
- Nosebleed
- Asthma
- Chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by edema, bronchioconstriction and increased mucus production.
- Bronchiogenic carcinoma
- (Lung cancer) Cancerous tumors arising from a bronchus
- Chronic bronchitis
- Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time. (COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Atelectasis
- Incomplete expansion of the alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of a lung. Caused by tumor or other obstruction of teh bronchus, or poor respiratory effort.
- Emphysema
- Hperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
- Pneumonia
- Acute infalmmation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products if the inflammatory reaction.
- Pulmonary abscess
- A large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
- Pulmonary edema
- Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
- Pulmonary embolism
-
(PE)
Clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung. - Tuberculosis
-
(TB)
Infectious disease. Lungs are usually involved, but any organ in the body can be affected. - Pleurisy
-
Inflammation of the pleura.
(Pleuritis) - Pneumothorax
- Collection of air in the pleural space.
- Anthracosis
- Coal dust accumulation in the lungs.
- Asbestosis
- Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- (COPD) Chronic condition of persistant obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs.
- Cor pulmonale
- Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient ammount of blood to the lungs b/c of underlying lung disease.
- Exudate
- Fluid, cells, or other substances (pus) thast slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or small breaks in cell membrane.
- Hydrothorax
- Collection of fluid in the plural cavity.
- Palliative
- Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease.
- Paroxysmal
- Pertaing to a sudden occurance, such as a spasm or seizure.
- Pulmonay infarction
- An area of necrotic tissue in the lung.
- Purulent
- Pertaing to pus.
- Rhonchi
- Coarse. loud railes caused by secretions in bronchial tubes.
- Sillicosis
- Silica or glass dust in the lungs.
- Chest x-ray
- Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity.
- Bronchioscopy
- Fiber-optic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bhronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy or collection of specimens.
- Endotrachial intubation
- Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx and trachea to establish an airway.
- Laryngoscopy
- Visual examination of the voice box (larynx)
- Mediastinoscopy
- Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum.
- Pulmonary function tests
- (PFTs) Tests that measure the ventialtion mechanics of the lung (airway function, lung volume & capacity of the lungs to exchange o2 and co2 efficiently)
- Thoracentesis
- Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
- Thoracotomy
- Major surgical incision into the chest.
- Thorascopy
- Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscopy.
- Tracheostomy
- Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck.
- ABGs
- arterial blood gases
- AFB
- acid fast bacillus (organism causing tuberculosos)
- ARDS
- adult(or acute) respiratory distress syndrome (a group of symptoms - tachypenia, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia, cyanosis - resulting in acute respiratory failure)
- Bronch
- Bronchoscopy
- COPD
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPAP
- Continuous positive airway pressure
- CPR
-
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(Airway opened Breathing restored Circulation restored) - CXR
- chest x-ray
- DOE
- Dyspnea on exertion
- LLL
- Left lower lobe (of lung)
- LUL
- Left upper lobe (of lung)
- PE
- Pulmonary embolism
- PFTs
- Pulmonary function tests
- RDS
-
respiratory distress syndrome
(condition of the newborn marked by dyspnea and cyanosis & related to absence of surfactant, a substance thst permits normal expansion of lungs); also called hyaline membrane disease. - RLL
- right lower lobe (of lung)
- RUL
- right upper lobe (of lung)
- SOB
- shortness of breath
- TB
- tuberculosis
- URI
- upper respiratory infection
- adenoid/o
- adenoids
- alveol/o
- alveolus, small air sac. small sac
-
bronch/o
bronchi/o - bronchial tube
- bronchiol/o
- bronchiole
- capn/o
- carbon dioxide
- coni/o
- dust
- cyan/o
- blue
- epiglott/o
- epiglottis
- hydr/o
- water
- laryng/o
- larynx (voice box)
- lob/o
- lobe
- mediastin/o
- mediastinum
- nas/o
- nose
- or/o
- mouth
- orth/o
- straight
- ox/o
- oxygen
- pector/o
- chest
- pharyng/o
- pharynx (throat)
- phon/o
- voice, sound
- phren/o
- diphragm
- pleur/o
- pleura
-
pneum/o
pneumon/o - lung, air sac, gas
- pulmon/o
- lung
- py/o
- pus
- rhin/o
- nose
- sinus/o
- sinus
- spir/o
- to breath
- tel/o
- complete
- thorac/o
- chest
- tonsill/o
- tonsil
- trache/o
- trachea (windpipe)
- -algia
- pain
- -capnia
- carbon dioxide
- -centesis
- surgical puncture to remove fluid
- -dynia
- pain
- -ectasis
- stretching, dilation, expansion
- -ectomy
- removal, excision, resection
- -ema
- condition
- -lysis
- breakdown, seperate, destruction
- -osmia
- smell
- -phonia
- voice, sound
- -plasty
- surgical repair
- -pnea
- breathing
- -ptysis
- spitting
- -rrhea
- flow, discharge
- -scopy
- visual examination
- -sphyxia
- pulse
- -stenosis
- tightening, stricture
- -stomy
- new opening (to form a mouth)
- -thorax
- chest, pleural cavity
- -tomy
- process of cutting
- -trophy
- nourishment, development
- a-, an-
- no, not, without
- brady-
- slow
- dys-
- bad, painful, abnormal
- em-
- in
- eu-
- good, normal
- ex-
- out, away from
- hyper-
- above, excessive
- hypo-
- deficient, under, low, less than normal
- para-
- near, beside, abnormal, along side of
- per-
- through
- re-
- back, again, backward
- tachy-
- fast