Worldwide Virus Infections from Microbiology
Terms
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- Mumps
-
trans: airborne dropletc
one serotype virus - Rubella
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one serotype
droplet transmission
vaccine: Live attenuated - CMV: cytomegalovirus
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largest herpes virus
trans: salivary glands
causes: fetal malformations, intersitial p. in immunocompromised - Epstein Bar Virus (EBV)
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Mono
trans: saliva
replicates in B lymphocytes
remains latent in B cells - Burkitt's Lymphoma
-
EBV closely related, co-carinogen with Malaria
Malaria weakens t cell control of EBV infxn - Small Pox (variola)
-
caused by poxvirus
global eradication by 1980
no: clinical infections, carriers, animal resevoir
effective vaccine - ARborvirus
- vector bourne virus
- Yellow Fever
-
vector: mosquito
transmission: Aedes aegypti
where: Africa, Central/South America and Caribbean -
Dengue Fever
Dengue hemorraghic fever - vector: mosquito: A. aegypti is principal human vector
- Rickettsial Infections
-
small bacteria
obligate parasites
transmitted by arthropods
mult in human epithelial - Rocky mountain spotted fever
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R. rickettsii
vector: dog and wood ticks - Mediterranean spotted fever
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R. conorri
vector: dog ticks - Epidemic typhus
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R. prowazeckii
trans: person to person by louse Pediculus corporis - Endemic typhus
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R. typhii
vector: rat flea - Lyme disease
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Borrelia
vector: Ixodes (tick) natural cycle takes place in mice and deer - Malaria
-
Plasmodium: P. falciparum most virulent
vector: femal anopheles mosquito -
Trypanisomomiasis
African sleeping sickness -
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. rhodesiense
vector: tse-tse fly
antigenic variation (T. brucei)
Tx: arsenicals -
Chaga's disease
(South American sleeping sickness) -
T. cruzi
Vector: reduviid bug (kissing bug) - Leishmaniasis
-
Vector: Sandfly
Visceral: develops slowly, die from liver failure
called kalazar
Cutaneous: progresses from small papule at site of infection, develops into large ulcer which may heal with scarring - Schistosomiasis
-
Schistosomes (helminth)
penetrate skin, migrate via blood to lungs and liver
body become hypersensitive to eggs
ex. urinary schistosomiasis - Filariasis
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filaria nematodes
lymphatic: Brugia and Wuchereria
causes elephantiasis by obstruction of lymphatics - Arenaviruses
- parasites of various species in rodents that cause a lifelong infections
- lassa fever virus
-
arenavirus that infects the bush rat
human exposure is through infected rat's urine - Korean Hemorrhagic feer
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Huantaan virus
persistant infection in mice and rats, exp. from their urine - Marburg and Ebola
- filovirus (long ss rna virus)resevoir unknown