Circulatory System
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- What is the central layer of elastic tissue and smooth muscle in the artery known as?
- The tunica media.
- What is the function of the hepatic artery?
- Carries oxygenated blood to the liver.
- What is atherosclerosis?
- Hardening of the arteries caused by deposits of fats and cholesterol on the inner walls of the arteries.
- What is the pressure of deoxygenated blood?
- Between 0 and 10 mmHg.
- Which valves prevent backflow of blood between ventricles and atria?
- Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid).
- Name the three parts of the artery.
- Endothelium, elastin and smooth muscle, outer connective tissue.
- When does the sinoatric node send out a pulse?
- Every 0.85 seconds.
- What kind of blood does the pulmonary system carry?
- Deoxygenated.
- Function of the circulatory system (gases).
- Regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in blood.
- How can blood pressure be increased or decreased in the arterioles?
- Contraction or relaxation of the walls to increase resistance and increase blood pressure.
- What prevents the AV valves from inverting during ventricular systole?
- Chordae tendinae.
- What is the difference between the superior and inferior vena cava?
- The superior carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right ventricle, the inferior from the lower body.
- What is the function of the renal vein?
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the kidneys.
- How are capillary sphincters controlled?
- By skeletal muscle movement.
- What is found in the structure of the veins?
- Valves, because the low blood pressure risks backflow.
- What kind of blood does the systemic system carry?
- Oxygenated.
- List seven things transported by the blood.
- Nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, urea and heat.
- Function of the circulatory system (heat).
- Regulates body heat.
- What causes the atria to contract?
- The sinoatrial node, or pacemaker.
- What carries blood from the arteries to the capillaries?
- Arterioles.
- List the five components of the blood.
- Plasma, erythrocytes, phagocytes, lymphocytes and platelets.
- Between heartbeats the arteries undergo...
- elastic recoil and contract, to smooth out the flow of blood through the vessel.
- Arteries further from the heart have more...
- muscle to help them maintain blood pressure.
- What carries blood from the veins to the capillaries?
- Venules.
- What makes a capillary bed an ideal site of diffusion (4)?
- Low blood pressure (40 mmHg), small diameter slows bloodflow, walls one cell thick, great cross-sectional area.
- What is the function of the renal artery?
- Carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.
- Which valves prevent the backflow of blood between arteries and ventricles?
- Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic).
- Which part of the brain is the centre of the autonomic nervous system?
- The medulla oblongata.
- What is the function of the pulmonary vein?
- Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
- What is the function of the aorta?
- Carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
- What is the function of the vena cava?
- Receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body.
- What is the outer layer of connective tissue, with a lot of elastic tissue, in the artery known as?
- The tunica externa.
- What are the walls of the arteries like?
- Strong, thick and muscular.
- What structures serve the function of valves in the capillaries?
- Pre and post capillary sphincters.
- Function of the circulatory system (hormones).
- Carries hormones from the cells that secrete them to the target organs.
- What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?
- Carries deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the gut for processing.
- What is the partition between the two sides of the heart known as?
- The septum.
- To which nervous system is the S-A node connected?
- The autonomic. Sympathetic speeds it, parasympathetic slows it.
- What is the function of the mesenteric artery?
- Carries oxygenated blood to the gut.
- In what direction does the arterial system carry blood?
- Away from the heart.
- Function of the circulatory system ( cells).
- Provides cells with nutrients and takes away their waste.
- Function of the circulatory system (illness).
- Contains defence mechanisms against invading organisms.
- What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
- Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- What is the function of the hepatic vein?
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the liver.
- What is the pressure of oxygenated blood?
- Between 80 and 120 mmHg
- What benefit does vasoconstriction or vasodilation in the arterioles have?
- Important in regulating the blood flow into tissues.
- What signals the ventricles to contract?
- The atrioventricular node.
- How does the A-V node signal the ventricles to contract?
- Via the Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres.
- What is the thin inner layer of the artery, containing epithelial cells, known as?
- The endothelium.