Medical 2-05-Birth Control
Terms
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- What are the various methods of birth control options available?
-
abstinence
coitus
interruptus
spermicides
barrier methods
male and female condoms
diaphragm
cervical cap
vaginal sponge
IUDs
hormones
vasectomy
tubal ligation - Risk factors for coitus interruptus?
- Male may not have enough self-control. Some preejaculatory fluid containing sperm may escape penis prior to ejaculation.
- True or false? Douching after intercourse is an effective method of contraception?
- False
- Risk factors for spermicides with main N-9?
- Does not offer protection against organisms that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia, or HIV.
- Risk factors for female barrier methods?
- toxic shock syndrome
- Signs of toxic shock syndrome?
-
high fever
sore throat
vomiting
diarrhea
faintness
weakness
muscle aches
rash - Risk factors for male condomes?
-
misplacement
risk of breakage
perineal or vaginal
irritation
dulled sensation - Risk factors for vaginal sponge?
- allergic reactions
- Define coitus interruptus?
- withdrawal of male from female before ejaculation
- Define spermicides?
-
creams
jellies
foams
vaginal film
suppositories inserted into
vagina before intercourse
destroy sperm or neutralize vaginal secretions - Define barrier methods of contraception?
- prevent transport of sperm to ovum, immobilize sperm, or are lethal against them; used in conjunction with spermicides
- True or False? A male condom can be used with a female condom?
- False
- Define Reality female condom?
- a thin polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at each end; available OTC; one time use; insert 8 hrs before intercourse
- Define diaphragm?
- barrier method consisting of a steel band that forms a ring and is covered with rubber
- Define cervical cap?
- cup-shaped device, used with spermicidal cream or jelly, that fits snugly over cervix and held in place by suction and by positive abdominal pressure
- ________ use does not eliminate the risk of HIV transmission. It's effectiveness is lower than that for _________
-
Condom
contraception -
Combined oral contraceptives ("the pill") are taken for
_____days. - 21
-
In the _______ start, the woman begins taking the pillon the first day of her _____ _______. This method
prevents _______ in the first cycle, so no backup method of contraception is needed. -
Day 1
menstrual cycle
ovulation - When taking the pill, the Sunday Start begins on the Sunday after the first day of the _______cycle and ends on a _______. In most cases, menses will occur ____ to ____ days after last pill is taken. This tends to prevent periods on weekends. However, a
-
menstrual
Saturday
1
4
backup - A major difference between the day-one start and Sunday start birth control pill method is that no ______ is needed for the Day-one start.
- backup
- With either the day-one start or the Sunday start pill method, ____ ____ after taking the last pill, the woman _______ the next cycle of pills.
-
7 days
restarts -
Some drug companies offer a ________ _____ pack with
_____ "blank" pills so that the woman never stops taking the pill -
28 day
7 - Take "the pill" at the same time each day, morning or evening. True or false?
- true
- What is one of the major causes of breakthrough bleeding? It is a side effect that leads many women to discontinue COC's.
- irregular pill taking
- Improper pill taking accounts for a _______ of unintended pregnancies in the US each year.
- one-third
- The estrogen dose in the pill may increase risks for?
-
thromboemoblic disorders
(blood clots)
stroke - ABSOLUTE contraindications (don't use at all!)to the use of oral contraceptives include?
-
pregnancy
previous history of thrombo-
phlebitis or thromboembolic
disease
acute or chronic liver
disease of cholestatic type
with abnormal function
presence of estrogen
dependent carcinomas
undiagnosed uterine bleeding,
heavy smoking
gallbladder disease
hypertension
diabetes
hyperlipidemia - Women may initiate use of oral contraceptives, but require close monitoring if these conditions exist?
-
migraine headaches
epilepsy
depression
oligomenorrhea
amenorrhea - Noncontraceptive uses for the pill include?
-
relief of uncomfortable
menstrual symptoms:
cramps diminish
flow decreases
regular cycle resumes
Mittelschmerz eliminated
ovarian cysts decrease
substantial reduction in
incidence of ectopic
pregnancy, PID, ovarian
cancer, endometrial cancer,
colorectal cancer, iron
deficiency anemia, benign
breast disease - Women over 35 who smoke should completely avoid oral contraceptives due to risk of _____.
- myocardial infarction
- The following symptoms should prompt a woman to notify her physician if she is taking oral contraceptives?
-
depression
breast lump development
jaundice
severe abdominal pain
severe chest pain
shortness of breath
severe headaches
dizziness
changes in vision
speech problems
severe leg pain -
The contraceptive skin patch (Ortho Evra, square silver dollar, very safe and effective) can be applied weekly for 3 weeks on these four sites?
During the fourth week, no patch is applied and _____ occurs.
Best if used by women under ______. -
abdomen
buttocks
upper outer arm
trunk (excluding breasts)
menses
200 pounds - What is the level of dose of the NuvaRing vaginal contraceptive ring?
- low dose, sustained-release combined hormonal contraceptive
- What does the NuvaRing vaginal contraceptive ring look like?
- a flexible, soft vaginal ring with is inserted monthly
- How is the NuvaRing vaginal contraceptive ring used?
- left in place for 21 days and then removed for 7 days
- What is the Lunelle contraceptive injection?
- an IM injection administered every 28 to 30 days, with side effects same as oral contraceptives
- What are 3 most common progesterone-only contraceptives?
-
Norplant
DMPA
minipill - What are subdermal implants (Norplant)?
-
Silastic capsules containing
progestin
implanted in woman's arm
effective for up to 5 years
six rods are implanted - How does Norplant work?
-
prevents ovulation in most
women
stimulates production of
thick cervical mucus
which inhibits sperm
penetration
removed from act of coitus - Possible side effects of Norplant?
-
spotting
irregular bleeding or
amenorrhea
increased incidence of
ovarian cysts
weight gain
headaches
fluid retention
acne
hair loss
mood changes
depression - What are cosmetic considerations of Norplant?
-
implant may be visible, esp
woman is slender
requires minor surgical
procedure to insert and
remove implants - What is Depo-Provera (also called DMPA)?
-
long-acting progestin
provides effective birth
control for 3 months
inexpensive, safe, convenient
separates birth control from
act of coitus
nursing mothers may use
because contains no
estrogen - Method of action for Depo-Provera (DMPA)?
-
*provides progesterone levels high enough to block LH surge, which suppresses ovulation
*also thickens cervical mucus to block sperm penetration - Side effects of DMPA Depo-Provera?
-
menstrual irregularities
headache
weight gain
breast tenderness
depression
return of fertility may be
delayed for an average of
9 months - Side effects associated with oral contraceptives are _______ and ________ related?
-
estrogen
progestin - Side effects associated with estrogen related oral contraceptives?
-
alterations in lipid
metabolism
breast tenderness,
engorgement, increased
breast size
CVA
changes in carbohydrate
metabolism
chloasma
fluid retention, cylic weight
gain
headache
hepatic adenomas
hypertension
leukorrhea
cervical erosion
ectopia
nausea
nervousness
irritability
telangiectasia
thromboembolic complications-
thrombophlebitis, pulmonary
embolism -
Side effects associated with progestin related oral
contraceptives? -
acne
oily skin
breast tenderness
increased breast size
decreased libido
decreased high-density
lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol levels
depression
fatigue
hirsutism
increased appetite
weight gain
increased low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol levels
oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea
pruritus
sebaceous cysts