Respiratory system
Info about the repiratory system
Terms
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- breathing
- the process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide as a result of changes in air pressure.
- vocal cords
- cords attached to larynx which muscles tighten or loosen when air moves past causing them to vibrate and produce sound.
- trachea
- C-shaped rings of cartilage forming a tube. 12 cm in length, less than 5 inches.
- mucus
- sticky material produced by the glands that line the nasal cavity.
- epiglottis
- a flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx.
- Pneumonia
- inflammation of the lung in which air sacs become filled with infammatory cells and the lung becomes solid. Symtoms are cough, chestpain, fever, headache, general malaise (discomfort) Cause: bacteria, virus Treatment: antibiotics, vaccine
- Lung cancer
- uncontrolled growth of cells in lung tissue Causes:smoking Treatment:chemo, surgery, radiation
- Diaphragm
- a muscle beneath the lungs that moves air in and out of the body through changes in air pressure.
- cilia
- tiny hairlike structures that move mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed.
- alveoli
- clusters of thin walled sacs at the end of each brochiole, which are surrounded by capillaries. Air sacs of the lung. (300 million in each lung)
- Asthma
- a disorder of the lungs in which the bronchial tubes contract quickly(go into spasms) associated with over production of mucus and sudden attacks of difficult breathing, wheezing, and coughing. Causes:Allergins( pet dander, cockroach debris, pollen) Irritants(smoke, diesel fumes, chemical fumes, dirt, dust in air) Genetic Treatments:bronchodialators, inhaled steriods, antihistamines
- Bronchioles
- the smallest tubes of the bronchus. Coming from the bronchi that contain clusters of alveoli at each end.
- Enphysema
- disease in which the alveoli in the lungs lose their ability to expand and contract because the cells in the bronchi become inflamed, stretched and therefore lose elasticity. Results in shortness in breath. Cause: smoking, genetic Treatment: lung reduction, oxygen treatment.
- Cronic Bronchitis
- ongoing disease in which bronchial tubes are irritated resulting in too much mucus being produced, causing a cough. Damages cilia, and bronchial tubes. Causes: smoking, cystis fibrosis(thick secretions) post severe pnemonia Treatments:antibiotics, quit smoking,thin secretions
- Pharynx
- tubelike passageway for both food and air.
- Bronchi
- two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
- Lungs
- the main organs of respiration consisting of 3 LOBES ON THE RIGHT and 2 LOBES ON THE LEFT located at the front of the chest or thorax. When oxygen is transferred to blood and CO2 is removed from the blood and exhaled.
- choking
- when air flow between the lungs and the mouth and nasal cavity is blocked. (death can occur in minutes)Treatment: Heimlich maneuver
- diffusion
- a process in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until they reach equilibrium.
- Respiration
- combines with food (glucose) to release energy. C6,H12,O6 +6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O = energy
- circulation
- the process where oxygen is carried by the blood to body cells and carbon dioxide is removed from the cells and carried to the lungs.
- Blebs
- large airsacs from disease
- nasal cavity
- where air enters the body through the nostrils or mouth.
- Larynx
- airway which vocal cords are attached.