Cultural Anth Exam 4
Terms
undefined, object
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- What happens to Bali corpses if they are not cremated?
- Gets too "hot" - bad
- Who are Yama and Bima?
- Two fighting Gods
- What do humanistic anthropologists say about materialism?
- culture = symbols (art, religion, ideas...)
- Scientific materialism focuses on
- food systems, infrastructures, material causes
- Humanist anth focuses on
- symbolic meanings, sociopolitical relations, material consequences
- Humaistic anthropologists believe culture is about
- Symbols
- What is semiotic?
- study of culture sign processes
- What is a sign and what its two parts?
- Sign is a material vehicle to which we attach meaning; signifier - carries meaning; signified - meaning it has
- Indexical =
- physical sign relation (smoke signal)
- Iconical =
- resemblance (telepphone sign)
- Symbolic =
- purely arbitrary
- What is binary thinking?
- in critical theory, a binary opposition is a pair of theoretical opposites; in structuralism is is seen as a fundamental organizer of human phil, culture, and lang
- How do Balinese kinship terminology reflect their view of cycles of time?
- birth order titles
- What is the pattern of birth order names for commoners (sudras) in Balinese society?
- Wapan, Nyoman, Made, Ketut, Wayan, Nyang
- How is gender indicated?
- prefixes
- What is meant by teknonymy ?
- Referring to the parents by the names of their children
- What do we see when we look at more than 2 generations of Ju/hoansi kinship?
- an eskimo pattern
- What is postmodernism ?
- rejection of objective truth, global cultural narrative, attack of male dominance; emphasizes language, power relations, and motivations
- How does humanity define symbols?
- objects, sounds combos, behaviours, and other phenomena whose cultural defined meanings have no necessary relationship to physical qualities
- What is meant by arbitrary?
- no qualities in a symbol that lead humans to associate one meaning to it rather than another
- What is meant by conventional?
- meanings only exist because we agree on them
- What are the 5 properties of language?
- Discreteness, arbitrariness, displacement, productivity, and multimedia potential
- What is mean by interpretive anth?
- emphasizes the symbolic dimensions of culture
- How is human biology built for language?
- larynx, voice box, tongue, mouth
- WHat is mean by worldview?
- how a person interprets reality and events, including images of themself
- What is meant by ethos?
- The ethics, beliefs, or ideals that characterize a community or nation
- How are ducks and algae important to rice crops?
- the provide the right bacterial growth and fertilizer
- How often is the Eka Desa Rudra held?
- every 100 years
- Who are Barong and Rangda?
- in theatre - audience moved to participate with knives
- What is the most ancient and most popular form of Balinese art?
- poetry
- When does something become art?
- beyond functionalism
- What are some types of body art?
- tattoo, paint, piercing, scarification, body modification
- What are two main factors that transform a material item into a visual art?
- form and ornamentation
- Which animals were common subjects of art in NW coast cultures?
- bears, beavers, ravens, hawks, killer whales, frogs
- What are three functions of art?
- individuality, social status, social identity
- Where in the world are the most elaborate adornment of the body by tattoos found?
- Maori - polynesia
- What do Nuer men of the Sudan engage in scarring rituals?
- courage and maturity - manhood
- What is the significance of the 3-day calendar in balinese society?
- periodic markets
- What is the name of the 8-day cycle? Significance?
- Astwara - naming children/hinting at who the past families may have been reborn
- What are the names of the 3 balinese worlds and who inhabits them?
-
Swah - Gods
Bwah - humans
Bhur - demons - What is meant by kaja and kelod?
-
Kaja - up or towards temples or gods
Kelod - down or towards the ocean and tourists - What natural event was associated with the improper timing of the Eka Desa Rudra?
- the eruption of the Gunung Agung volcano
- What is the tika calendar?
- 5 x 6 x 7 = 210 calendar
- To what are babies especially vulnerable to in the first 3 mo of life?
- witches
- Who accompanies a child into the world when he or she is born?
- 4 sibling spirits
- According to Humanity, is worldview the same as religion?
- No but it reflects it
- What are the two mirrors in balinese society and what do they represent?
-
Bhuana Agung - great world
Bhuana Alit - inner world - What is Sekala?
- our perceptible world
- What is niskala?
- invisible real world?
- What are the six ways that balinese music reflects balinese culture?
- orchestrated ensembles, cyclical, highly organized, rituals, patronized, mix of old and new
- What is dalang?
- puppetmaster
- What is the role of the dalang?
- narrate, move puppets, operate foot drum
- What are the two bases on which anthropolgists classify rituals?
- The concsious reasons for the rituals, and the time at which they occur
- Function of religion according to intellectuals?
- for humans to seek answers and explanations
- Function of religion or psychologist
- trials of life are easier to handle if one believes there is meaning or reason
- Function of religion according to sociologists?
- religion instills and maintains common values leading to increased conformity; cohesion and cooperation
- What is the distinction between witchcraft and sorcery?
-
witchcraft - uses only psychic power
sorcery - uses rites and spells - What is the cognitive interpretation of witchcraft?
- witchcraft explains unfortunate events
- What is the sociological interpretation of witchcraft?
- reinforces norms and values to help individuals live harmoniously
- According to EB tylor, what are 3 stages of religion?
- Animism, polytheism, monotheism
- How does humanity define cult?
- an organized system of beliefs and practices pertaining to the control orr worship of specific supernatural powers
- What are 4 types of cults?
- Individualistic, shamanistic, communal, ecclesiastical
- what is !kia?
- trance state
- How are the reactions of men and women entering !kia different?
- women dont run into the bush
- From a materialist perspective, how do we know when we are observing religion?
- supernatural
- What is the core meaning of supernatural?
- more like forces and subbstances than beings
- What is meant by imitative magic?
- like produces like - imitative voodoo
- What is meant by contagious magic?
- Indexical connection: continuity - "nu" use things like hair and nails to perform magic that would harm them
- What is the distinction between sex and gender?
- Sex is biological, gender has roles
- What is Nu?
- life giving substance associated with growth and maturity
- How can nu be transferred?
- blood, breath, sex, semen, sweat, eat, ladyjuice
- When are women considered to have lost enough Nu to no longer be polluting to men?
- when they are old and have prepared much food and had many children
- What is meant by berdarche?
- two spirit (male and female)