Unit 5 Review
Review cards for unit 5
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- The Constitution of the United States of America
- the supreme law of the United States of America.
- Louis XIV
- One of the most powerful monarchs in Europe; "Sun King"; Ruled 72yrs; "L'etat et moi"; Moved capital from Paris to Versailles.
- Palace of Versailles
- symbol of the system of absolutism; built by Louis XIV; capital moved here
- Voltaire
- Author of Candide; Believed in free speech and religion
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Don Quixote; Considered first novel
- Montesquieu
- Author of The Spirit of Laws; Believed that power w/i gov't should be divided in 3 branches (Judicial, Legislative, Executive)
- Frederick The Great
- Ruler of Prussia; Centralized the gov't; "Royal Drill Sergeant"; Most efficient fighting force in Europe.
- Eugene Delcroix
- Born 1798 in France; Romantic:emotion not reason
- Scientific Revolution
- during this period, there was a fundamental transformation in scrientific ideas in physics, astronomy, and biology
- Galileo Galilei
- Improvements on telescope
- Isaac Newton
- Laws of planetary motion and gravity
- William and Mary
- refers to the joint sovereignty over the Kingdom of England, of King William III and Queen Mary II; They signed the English Bill of Rights
- Charles II
- was crowned King of England and Ireland at Westminster Abbey.
- English Civil War
- Consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place betwwen Parliamentarians and Royalists
- Two Treaties of Government
- a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke; its purpose is to justify William III's ascension to the throne
- English Bill of Rights
- a statement of certain posistive rights that its authors considered that citizens/residents of a constitutional monarchy ought to have
- Constitutional Monarchy
- monarchs with limited power
- Leviathan
- In the book, Thomas Hobbes argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign
- Laws of Gravity
- what goes up must come down
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Author of The Social Contract; Believed that people are good and free and can rely on instincts; also that gov't must protect common good
- Absolute Monarchy
- monarchs with complete power
- Glorious Revolution
- Over throw of King James II of England by a union of Parliamentarians.
- Centralization of Power
- limited authority to subjects
- Charles I
- engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the Divine Right of Kings; He was tried convicted, and executed for high treason
- Enlightenment
- marked by the Scientific Revolution; Also known as the Age of Reason; nation creation, greater rights for common people
- Bill of Rights
- the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
- John Locke
- Author of Two Treaties of Government; Believed people are good and reasonable and should have freedom; Life Liberty Property-gov't must protect these rights
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Born 1685 in Germany; Taveled and brought new music ideas to the church; Baroque style: complex, multilayered
- Fallow
- crop rotation
- Elliptical Planetary Motion
- three mathematical laws that describe the motion of planets in the Solar System.
- Glorious Revolution
- overthrow of King James II of England by a unit of Parliamentarians
- Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence
- an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved."
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Supported scientific theory of heliocentrism
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Born 1756 in Austria; Traveled through Europe; Rebelled agaisnt church rules; classical style
- Oliver Cromwell
- English military and political leader. His army defeated the royalists in the English Civil War.
- Johannes Kepler
- Eponymous laws of planetary motoin
- Geocentric
- theory that the Earth is at the center fo the universe and the Sun and other objects go around it
- The Social Contract
- Rousseau-gov't is c contract between rulers and the people
- Seperation of Chruch and State
- the political and legal idea that government and religion should be separate, and not interfere in each other's affairs.
- The Spirit of Laws
- is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748; He felt that seperation of powers was best
- William Harvey
- First credited to correctly describe the properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart
- Telescope
- is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects and the collection of electromagnetic radiation
- Divine Right of Kings
- the belief the God appointed each king with a right to rule
- Thomas Hobbes
- Author of Leviathan; beleived that people are evil and that absolute monarchy is the best type of gov't
- Peter The Great
- Ruler of Russia; Believed in Westernization; Created navy; Tripled size of Russia; Started construction of new capital city (St. Petersburg)
- Age of Absolutism
- period of numerous absolute monarchs
- Age of Reason
- another name for Enlightenment; considered to succeed the Renaissance philosophy era and precede the Age of Enlightenment
- Heliocentric
- theory that the Sun is at the center of the universe and/or the solar system
- Scientific Method
- a series of steps in order to answer a scientific question through observation and experimentation