Pharmacy Techn Section 1 Definitions
Terms
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- Drug
- is a substance intended for the use in the diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention or disease in human beings or animals
- Legend Drugs
- require a prescription and are not considered safe without medical supervision
- OTC (Over The Counter)
- does not require a prescription and are considered safe without medical supervision
- Prescription
- is an order for a medication or medical device, issued by a licensed prescriber
- Dispensing directions
- name, strength, dosage form, quantity and directions for use
- Generic Name
- a contraction of the chemical name, sometimes indicating the chemical class to which the drug belongs to and is properly referred to as its nonproprietary name
- Chemical Name
- describes the structure of the drug by standard chemical nomenclature
- Label Requirements
- referred to as “dispensing labelsâ€
- Auxiliary Labels
- small labels that provide additional information, warnings, or reminders, that are affixed to the prescription container
- Patient Medication Profile
- a listing of all medications dispensed by the pharmacy to a particular patient
- Physicians Order Sheets
- sheet where physicians orders for hospital inpatients or nursing home residents are written on
- Repackaging Log
- a record of all activities related to the repackaging process and must be maintained
- Dosage Form
- refers to the physical form in which the drug product is made available for administration to the patient
- Tablets
- solid dosage forms prepared by mechanical compression in a tableting machine
- Chewable Tablets
- compressed tablets that are designed to be chewed or dissolved
- Enteric-Coated Tablets
- compressed tablets coated with a special substance to prevent the dissolution within the stomach
- Sublingual Tablets
- tablets you keep placed under your tongue so it is promptly absorbed into the blood stream
- Buccal Tablets
- tablets you keep between your gum and cheek so dissolves slowly over a period of time
- Film-Coated Tablets
- coated with a thin layer of water-soluble material that masks the objectionable odor or taste of certain medications
- Sustained, Time-Released Tablets
- this is a tablet that is released at a constant rate for a prolonged period of time (8-24 hours) and are referred to as “long actingâ€, “delayed-releaseâ€, “prolonged-actionâ€
- Lozenges
- dissolve slowly to keep the drug in contact with the mouth or throat for a prolonged period of time and are referred to as “troches or pastillesâ€
- Pellets
- small cylindrically shaped tablets meant for implantation subcutaneously (just under the skip) for prolonged continuous drug absorption
- Capsules
- a drug that is enclosed within a soft or hard gelatin shell that dissolves and the drug is released
- Effervescent Tablets
- tablets containing sodium bicarbonate with either citric or tartaric acid
- Solutions
- mixtures containing one more soluble ingredient (solute) dissolved usually in water (solvent), in which the molecules of solute are uniformly dispersed among those of the solvent
- Syrups
- sweet, viscous, concentrated, aqueous solutions of sugar that is used as a vehicle for antibiotics, antihistamines, antitussives (cough preparations) and vitamins as well as for other drugs
- Elixirs
-
sweetened hydroalcoholis (water and alcohol) solutions and are probably the most widely used
Because of their pleasant taste, relative stability and ease of preparation - Tinctures
- alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable, animal or chemical materials
- Suspensions
- preparations containing insoluble medical products dispersed in a liquid
- Emulsions
- preparations containing either water dispersed in oil (w/o) or oil dispersed in water (o/w) stabilized with the acid of an “emulsifying agentâ€
- Microemulsion or Transparent Emulsion
- the particle size of the inner phase is 0.05 microns or less
- Ointments
- semisolid preparations used for external application to skin or mucous membranes
- Pastes
- ointment-like preparations for external application
- Creams
- semisolid emulsions, containing suspensions or solutions of medicinal agents intended for external application
- Powders
- finely divided, relatively dry, solid material intended for external application
- Gels and Jellies
- two phase systems consisting of a solid internal phase diffused through out a viscous liquid phase
- Transdermal Patches
- patches applied to the skin formulated to deliver a constant, controlled-dose of a medication through the skin and into the bloodstream
- Ophthalmic Drops
- sterile solutions that are instilled into the eye in the form of an “eye dropâ€
- Ophthalmic Ointments
- sterile emulsions, properly formulated for application into the eye
- Medicated Contact Lenses
- sterile contact lenses, pre-soaked with medication, inserted into the eye
- Ocular Inserts
- drug pre-soaked inserts places in the lower eye sac between the sclera (white of the eye) and the eyelid
- Suppositories
- solid dosage forms for insertion into the rectum, vaginal cavity, or urethral tract
- Inhalers
- solutions or suspensions of solid or liquid particles in gas or air intended for inhalation via nose or mouth
- Otic Product
- solutions suspensions instilled into the ear canal
- Enemas
- liquid medications introduced into the rectum via a bulb syringe
- Douches
- aqueous solutions which are directed into the cavity of the body
- Unit Dose Drug Distribution
- allows for less preparation time for nursing to administer medications and increase the time for direct patient care
- Medical Administration Records
- are provided by pharmacy to each nursing unit which allows for a coordinated and verifiable means of drug distribution
- Centralized unit dose system
- where the majority of medications are prepared and dispensed from one central location
- Decentralized Unit Dose System
- where one or more “satellite†pharmacies are dispersed throughout the institution
- Coding
- refers to the notation on the medication order by a pharmacist or pharmacy technician of the name, strength and dosage form of the medication prepared for the patient
- Automatic Stop Order
- those medications that have a predesignated duration of therapy and must be discontinued if the physician has not ordered them and are determined by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
- Expiration date
- the last date of the sale as determined by the manufacturer