Psychology 202 (Ch.1,2,11)
Terms
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- Cognitive Psychology
- the study of how we perceive, learn, and remember
- Experimental Psychologists
- Conduct lab experiments to address their research questions
- Industrial/ Organizational Psych
- Pertains to the workplace and it\'s problems. -Whether certain work program improve productivity.
- Counseling Psych
- Work with people who have less severe psychological disorders than Clinical Psychologists work with. -Assist healthy people with careers and vocational interests.
- Clinical Psych
- Treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and ways to promote psychological health. -Clin. Psychologists work in universities, medical centers, or private practice.
- Shamans
- Medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with rituals, exorcisms, incantations, and prayers.
- Trephination
- Drilling a hole in a person\'s skull to \"release demons\"
- First Cultures to Focus on Natural and Physical Explanations for Disorders
- Ancient Egyptians and Greeks Later came the ancient Chinese
- Moral Treatment
- 19th Century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment.
- Asylum
- Facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century
- Sigmund Freud
- Developed psychoanalysis. Assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
- Psychotherapy
- Psychological treatment and assessment by a trained therapist involving drug therapy
- Psychophysics
- Examines the subjective experience of physical sensations. (Physicists study the physical properties of light and sound while psychophysicists study human PERCEPTION of light and sound)
- Wilhelm Wundt
- Father of Psychology Set up first psychology lab in Germany Gave psychology it\'s independence from philosophy and physiology. He did so by doing SCIENTIFIC METHODS on philosophy with physiology.
- G. Stanley Hall
- Went to Germany to learn from Wundt. Hall also studied with William James at Harvard.
- William James
- Founder of Psychology in the US. Founded the American Psychological Association Started the first scientific journal : American Journal of Psychology
- Mary Whiton Calkins
- First female president of the APA
- Structuralism
- Breaking down experience to its elemental parts. Believed in detailed analysis of experience, INTROSPECTION was their method. ...looking into one\'s mind for information about the nature of conscious experience. WUNDT chief proponent of structuralism.
- Functionalism
- Influenced by Darwin\'s theory of NATURAL SELECTION. WILLIAM JAMES, most famous functionalist Used introspection but were interested in the constant wave of thought going on in people\'s conciousness.
- Behaviorism
- Proposed that psychology can only be a true science only if it is examined by observable behavior, NOT BY IDEAS, THOUGHTS, FEELINGS OR MOTIVES.
- John WATSON
- Founded Behaviorism . Behaviorism became dominant force in experimental psych---> B.F Skinner famous figure in exp. psychology and modified Watson\'s ideas in behaviorism-->leading to OPERANT CONDITIONING
- A
- A
- Drives
- \"Push us into action\" Need=Nutrients Drive=Hunger Behavior=EAT
- Incentive
- External objects that motivates behavior (MONEY or Gold Metal)
- Set Point
- Ideal fixed setting such as INTERNAL BODY TEMP.
- Homeostasis
- Process by which all organisms work to maintain equilibrium or balance around an optimal set point.
- The Evolutionary Model
- Evolutionary theory looks at internal drives to explain why people do what they do. The process of natural and sexual selection have shaped motivation over time to make animals including humans, want those things to survive and reproduce. **5 MAJOR MOTIVES: -Hunger -Thirst -Body-Temp Regulation -Oxygen -Sex
- Yerkes-Dodson Law
- -Both low arousal and high arousal lead to poor performance. -Moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance.
- Hunger\'s 4 Biological Components
- -Stomach -Blood -Brain -Hormones -Neurochemicals
- Metabolism
- The rate at which we consume energy.
- Self-Actualization
- the inherent drive to realize one\'s full potential (never reached really..)
- The most important source of energy for the body is:
- CELLULAR GLUCOSE.
- Glucose
- Simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body and the brain.
- Endocannabinoids
- Naturally occuring Neurochemicals that stimulate appetite
- 4 MAJOR HORMONES THAT STIMULATE APPETITE
- - Neuropeptide Y -Orexin -Ghrelin -Melanin