microbiology test 3
Terms
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- leucoidin
- a toxin released from bacteral cells that will destroy white blood cells
- local infection
- an infection where the organism remains confined to a particular anatomical spot
- bacteremia
- presence of a viable bacteria in the bloodstream
- A classmate is trying to determine how a disinfectant might kill cells. You observed that when he spilled the disinfectant in your reduced litmus milk, the litmus turned blue again. You suggest to your classmate that
- the disinfectant might oxidize molecules
- virulence
- the degree of intensity of the disease produced
- Which disinfectant is bactericidal?
- all of them
- Which of the following is most efective for sterilizing mattresses and plastic Petri dishes?
- ethylene oxide
- acute infection
- an infection that runs a rapid course with more severe manifestations 12-48 hours
- pandemic
- an infectious disease affecting a majority of the population of a large region or one that is an epidemic at the same time in many parts of the world
- attenuated
- a loss in disease producing ability
- What are antimicrobials?
- Antimicrobials inhibit or kill microorganisms and are usually chemically synthesized
- endotoxin
- a toxin released by the bacterial cell when it dies or disintegrates
- sporadic
- an occasional case in a community or in a scatter of instances
- fibrinolysin
- streptokinase is also known as
- droplet spray
- an infection of microbes casted off in a fine spray from the mouth or nose during talking, laughing, sneezing, and coughing
- mixed infection
- an infection caused by 2 or more organisms
- hyaluronidase
- breaks down hyaluranic acid which holds tells together that make up tissue
- toxemia
- when bacteria liberate toxins and the toxins enter the bloodstream causing an infection
- endogenous infection
- an infection that comes from an organism that is normally present in the body (an opportunist)
- virulence
- degree of pathogenicity possessed by the organism to produce disease
- Which of the following is most likely to be bactericidal?
- ionizing radiation
- human carrier
- what is the most dangerous carrier?
- coagulase
- enzyme that accelerates the coagulation of the blood
- secondary infection
- an infection cause by a different organism that caused the primary infection
- Which disinfectant is the most effective?
- disinfectant b the one with all +'s going down
- exogenous infection
- an infection in which the causitive agent reaches the body from the outside and enters through one of the portals of entry
- active carrier
- an animal or a human that has an infection you can see and/or identify the symptoms
- leukocytosis
- increase in wbc count
- septicemia
- when bacteria enter the blood stream, multiply causing an infection of the blood stream itself
- endemic
- a disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has a low mortality
- the spreading factor
- hyaluronidase is also known as
- Which of the following does not kill endospores?
- pasteurization
- epidemic
- an appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same tiem in the same geographical area
- phagocytosis
- the process by which specialized white blood cells engulf foreign matter, destroy it, and remove it from the body (capsules stop this)
- chronic infection
- a long lasting infection with less severe manifestations
- droplet nuclei
- particles of dried secretions from the mouth and nose that may float in the air for a considerable amount of time over long distances
- Which of the following cannot be used to sterilize a heat-labile solution stored in a plastic container?
- autoclaving
- invasion, multiplication, reaction
- three steps to an infection
- Which of these disinfectants does not act by disrupting the plasma membrane?
- halogens
- hemolysin
- a toxin the will destroy red blood cells
- leukopenia
- decrease in wbc count
- pathogenicity
- being able to produce pathological changes and disease
- focal infection
- an infection confined to one anatomical spot but where infectious materials will spread to other parts of the body
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of quaternary ammonium compounds?
- sporicidal
- mechanical vector
- an arthropoid that holds the pathogen on their feet or body part and accidentally transmits the microorganism to your food or body part
- prevalence
- number of cases in existance at any given time in that population
- passive carrier
- an animal or a human that has no infection but that pathogen is in or on the carrier with no interaction
- What factors influence the sphere of inhibition of an antimicrobic?
- diffusibility of the agent, the size of the inoculum, the type of medium, and many other factors
- Which of the following is used to control microbial growth in foods?
- organic acids
- biological vector
- when an arthropoid bites a person or animal that is infected with the pathogen or a carrier that ingests some of the infected blood then bites another person transmitting the infection
- arthropoid vectors
- insects, roaches, ticks, flies
- What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?
- antiseptic can be used on the skin and disinfectants are more harsh and can only be used on surfaces or objects
- human carrier
- a human that has the infection but is asymptomatic
- droplet spray
- what is the most common form of direct mode of transmission
- pathogenicity
- ability of a pathogen to overcome the defensive powers of a host and to induce disease
- What are antibiotics?
- Antibiotics are compounds, usually of low molecular weight and produced by microorganisms, that inhibit or kill other microorganisms
- streptokinase
- enzyme that liquifies fibrin
- toxin
- poisonous substance produced by bacteria
- bacteremia
- when bacteria enter the blood stream and do not multiply
- What factors influence the effectiveness of an antiseptic?
- solubility
- What is an antiseptic?
- A chemical agent that is used to control microorganisms on the skin or tissue
- attenuated
- an organism whose virulence is decreased
- exotoxin
- a tonxin thats produced and released into the bacterias surroundings while it's alive
- primary infection
- an original infection from which a second infection can occur
- What is the name of the agar used in this test?
- Mueller-Hinton II agar