Pharmacolgy 2

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

bactericidal + bacteriostatic =: Antagonistic
bacteriostatic + bacteriostatic =: additive
bactericidal + bactericidal =: synergistic
________ are penicillinase resistant: isoxasols
what type of AB is ampicillin?: penicillin
amoxicillin is a type of?: penicillin
Polyflex (R) is a type of?: ampicillin/penicillin
Amoxi-Drop (R) or Amoxi Tabs (R) are types of what?: amoxicillin/penicillin
what is clavamox?: amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium, which is a chemical helper that binds to penicillinase and inacvtivates it
methicillin is a type of what?: isoxasol
oxacillin is a type of what?: isoxasol
cloxacillin is a type of what?: isoxasol
dicloxacillin is a type of what?: isoxasol
Excenel (R) is a type of what?: cephalosporin
Naxcel(R) is a type of what?: cephalosporin
Cefa-drops(R) and Cefa-tabs(R) are types of what?: cephalosporin
Cefa-Lak(R) is a type of what?: cephalosporin
tetracycline hydrochloride is a type of what?: tetracycline
tetracycline hydrochloride (Panamycin(R)) is a type of what?: tetracycline
oxytetracycline (Terramycin(R)) is a type of what?: tetracycline
chlortetracycline (Aureomycin(R)) is a type of what?: tetracycline
doxycycline is a type of what?: tetracycline
minocycline is a type of what?: tetracycline
streptomycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
neomycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
kanamycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
gentamycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
dihydrostreptomycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
Amforal (R) is a type of what?: kanamycin/aminoglycoside
Gentocin(R) is a type of what?: gentamycin/aminoglycoside
amikacin/Amikin(R) is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
tobramycin is a type of what?: aminoglycoside
enrofloxacin/Baytril(R) is a type of what?: flouoroquinolone
difloxacin HCL/Dicural(R) is a type of what?: fluoroquinolone
orbifloxacin/Orbax(R) is a type of what?: fluoroquinolone
tilmicosin phosphate/Micotil(R) is a type of what?: macrolide
erythromycin is a type of what?: macrolide
tylosin/Tylosan(R) is a type of what?: macrolide
clindamycin/Antirobe(R) is a type of what?: lincosamide
lincomycin/Lincocin(R)is a type of what?: lincosamide
Primor(R) is a type of what?: sulfonamide
Albon(R) is a type of what?: sulfonamide
Tribrissen(R) is a type of what?: sulfonamide
Nuflor(R) is a type of what?: florfenicol
nystatin/Panalog(R)/Dermaolone(R) is used to tx what?: superficial fungal infections
clotrimazole/Otomax(R)/Lotrimin(R)is used to tx what?: superficial fungal infections
miconazole/Monistat(R)/Conofite(R)/Dermazole(R) is used to tx what?: superficial fungal infections
ketoconazole/Nizoral(R) cream is used to tx what?: superficial fungal infections
griseofulvin/Fulvicin U/F(R) is used to tx what? what is unusual about this med?: used to tx superficial fungal infections

is a systemic tx for a topical infection
amphotericin B/Fungizone (R) is used to tx what?: systemic fungal infections
flucytosine/Ancobon(R) is used to tx what?: systemic fungal infections
itraconazole/Sporanox(R) is used to tx what?: systemic fungal infections
ketaconazole/Nozoral(R) tablets is used to tx what?: systemic fungal infections
Two important advantages that cephalosporins have over penicillin: 1) Active against penicillinase producing bacteria
2) Eff. against some GN bacteria as well as GP
Which ABs are eff against rickettsial organisms?: tetracyclines
what med is eff against all staph?: cephalosporins
What med must be protected from oxygen and light, is packaged in airtight foil packets, and is a pill that should not be cut?: clavamox
what is the drug of choice for Lyme dz?: doxycycline
what med needs to be kept cool and dry - heat and humidity can lead to toxic degredation leading to V/D and kidney problems?: tetracyclines
What med causes yellowing of teeth in young animals?: tetracyclines
what med should not be given w/ clacium or magnesium products (milk, antacids)or it won't be absorbed from the GI tract?: tetracyclines
What med can have serious side effects such a nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular problems?: aminoglycosides
What med has recently been pulled from the poultry market due to resistant campylobacter being found in turkey and chicken meat?: fluoroquinolones
what med is very fast acting - viability of bacteria is lost w/i 20-30 minutes post-exposure?: fluoroquinolones
What med should cats be dosed SID at the low end of the dosing scale to avoid retinal degeneration, wakefulness, seizures, and possible death?: fluoroquinalones
What med is potentially lethal to horses, swine, and humans and should not come in contact w/ your skin?: tilmicosin phosphate/Micotil(R)
What med has a narrow spectrum - primarily GP and anaerobes, and is toxic to guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and horses? It causes sever fatal diarrhea by killing of the normal healthy GI flora of animals w/ a large ceca.: lincosamides
What med is actually an antibacterial and not a antibiotic? Why?: sulfonamides
not produced from a living organism
What med can be used to tx coccidiosis?: sulfonamides
What med are a lot of people allergic to thus it is very limited in the use of food producing animals?: sulfonamides
What med can cause crystaluria?: Sulfonamides
What med is illegal to use in food producing animals due to the risk of aplastic anemia in humans?: chloramphemicol
What med is the drug of choice for meningitis? Why?: chloramphenicol
crosses the BBB
What med has an adverse effect of blood dyscrasias in cats?: chloramphenicols
What med has results that tend to be reliable in the lab but not in the body?: choramphenicols
What med is synergistic w/ trimethoprim?: sulfonamides
Define AB: Chemical compound produced by one microorganism that has the ability to kill or inhibit another microorganism
How do cidals work?: Kill bacteria - usually by interfering with cell wall synthesis
How do statics work?: Inhibit cell growth and multiplication by interferring with protein synthesis. Statics depend on the body's own immune system to kill and remove bacteria.
What cannot go IV?: Suspensions
what can affect drug stability?: Time, heat, light, exposure to oxygen
What is R-factor?: Plasmids are packets of extrachromosomal DNA in bacterial cells. Some R-factor plasmids help a bacterium against an AB and can survive to be passed on to other generations or other strains of bacteria - this leads to resistance.
Surest measure of effectiveness of an AB is a given situation is what? When will it be seen?: Clinical response
should be seen w/i 24-48 hours
3 tools used to select the proper AB: clinical experience
gram stain
culture and sensitivity
MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
the smallest amount of an AB needed that will kill or inhibit the organism
Statics given more or less frequent?: More - need to have a constant AB level
Cidals given more or less frequent?: Less - need to have peaks and valleys in AB levels to allow some reproduction to occur
Duration of tx depends on what three things?: Knowledge of dz and severity
clinical symptoms
clinical response
Why are combo drugs perhaps not a good idea?: Ratios of the meds cannot be changed
What is penicillinase?: Enzyme produced by some bacteria which destroys the beta lactam ring of the penicillin - gives bacteria resistance to the effects of penicillin
First version of penicillin that could be taken orally: penicillin V
Second major modification to the penicillin molecule?: ampicillin
Why is doxycycline the drug of choice for Lymes?: Given BID, not TID or QID
What should not be given w/ Amphotercin B?: aminoglycosides
What is used to tx dental infections and abscesses?: clindamycin/Antirobe(R)
What is toxic to hind gut fermentors?: lincosamides
What comes in a powder form and is used to tx dogs w/ diarrhea?: tylosin/Tylan (R)
If given IM, what two macrolides are very painful?: erythromycin and tylosin
What two meds can be used to tx foot rot?: macrolides & sulfonamides
What was originally developed as an industrial dye?: sulfonamides
What med works by blocking the synthesis of folic acid?: sulfonamides
What med is used to tx pseudomonas?: aminoglycosides
What 5 meds are statics?: tetracyclines
macrolides
lincosamides
sulfonamides
chloramphemicols
What med is usually reserved for tx of GN?: aminoglycosides
What med should not be given w/ barbituates? Why?: chloramphenicols
prolongs barbituate metabolism
What med is never considered a first drug of choice?: chloramphenicols
What two meds are narrow spectrum?: penicillins and lincosamides
What two meds are excreted in the active form?: tetracylines and sulfonamides
What are dermatophytes and what does it cause?: Ringworm
superficial fungal infections
Absorption of griseofulvin is enhanced if given w/ what?: fatty meal
GI yeast infections are often tx w/ oral nystatin - what is special about the administration of this med?: Needs to come in direct contact w/ yeast to kill it. It is painted on in the oral cavity.
Systemic fungal infections are also known as what?: deep fungal infections

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 112