excercise 10
Terms
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- 14 facial bones:
- 1. mandible 2. vomer 3-4. maxillae 5-6. lacrimal 7-8. palatine 9-10. zygomatic 11-12. nasal 13-14. inferior nasal conchae
- 8 bones of the cranium
- 1. frontal 2-3. parietals 4-5. temporals 6. occipital 7. sphenoid 8. ethmoid
- alveolar margin
- superior margin of mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie
- atlas (C1)
- no body * lateral processes contain large concave depressions to receive the occipital condyles * no yes
- axis (C2)
- dens, serves as a pivot point
- Cervical vertebrae
- *7 * triangular vertebral foramen * short bifurcated spinuous process * vertebral foramina
- coronoid process
- jutting anterior portion of the ramus; site of muscle atachment
- cranial floor/base
- skull bottomm
- cranial vault/calvaria
- forms the superior, lateral, and poserior walls of the skull
- external acoustic meatus:
- canal leading to eardrum and middle ear
- Frontal bone
- anterior portion of cranium; forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
- glabella
- smooth area b/t eyes
- hyoid bone
- located in the troat about the larynx; horseshoe shaped; 2 pairs of horns and a body
- infraorbital foramen:
- opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region
- intervertebral discs
- pads of fibrocartilage that separate the vertebrae and cushion and probide shocks * composed of a nucleus pulposus (gelly) and annulus firosus (stabilizes)
- jugular foramen
- opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugulr ein and cranial nerves pass
- Lacrimal bone
- fingernail sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls b/t the maxilla and the ethmoid
- lacrimal fossa
- passageway for tears
- Lumbar vertebrae
- *5 * big thick bodies * superior articular facets face posteromedially * inferior ones anterolaterally *spinal cord ends at L2
- mandible
- the lower jawvone, which articulaes with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull
- mandibular condyle
- articulation point of the mandible with the mandibuluar fossa of the temporal bone
- mandibular fossa:
- rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms the socket for the mandibular condyle, the points hwere the mandible joins the cranium
- mandibular synthesis
- anterior median depression indcating point of mandibular fusion
- mastoid process
- rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment site for muscles
- mastoiditis
- mastoid process often becomes infected; its full of air and close to the middle ear
- maxillae
- 2 bones fused ina median suture; form the uper jawbone and part of the orbits. All facial bones, except the mandble, jing the maxillae. keystone bones of face
- mental foramen
- prominent opening on the body (later to the midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw
- nasal bone
- small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose
- occipital bone
- most posterior bone of cranium. forms floor and back wall.
- occipital condyles
- rounded projections lateral to the foramen majnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
- palatine bone
- paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit
- palatine process:
- form the anterior hard palate
- parietal bone
- posterolateral to the frontal one, forming sides of cranium
- ruptured discs
- the nucleus pulposus herniates through the annulus portion and compresses the nerves
- styloid process
- needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck.
- supraorbital foramen
- opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nervers to pass
- temporal bone
- inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull
- Thoracic vertebrae
- *12 * heart shaped body * costal facets on each side of body * oval vertebral foramen
- vertebral column
- forms body's major axial support *surrounds and protects spinal cord * consists of 24 vertebrae
- vomer
- blde-shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavitiy that forms nasal septum
- zygomatic bone
- lateral to the maxilla; forms the portion of the face commonly called the cheekbone
- zygomatic process
- bridgelike projection joining the zygmatic bone and temporal anteriorly. together these 2 bones form the zygomatic arch