HEENT exams
Terms
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- what does HEENT stand for
- head, eyes, ears, nose and throat
- acromegaly
- a disorder associated with excessive growth hormone. Abnormally large head
- Microcephaly
- abnormally small head, as seen in clients with certain types of mental retardation
- hydrocephalus
- in infants and children a head that is growing disproportuionally faster than the body. Its an accumulation of excessive cerebrospinal fluid.
- what might a facial appearance that is inconsistant with gender, age, race signify?
- graves disease, hypothyroidism, myxedema, Cushings syndrome
- TMJ
- temporomandibular joint syndrome, characterized by irrecular jaw movement and cracking or clicking of the jaw
- How should the eyelids cover the eyes?
- the lowe eyelid margin appears at the bottom edge of the iris, and the upper eyelid covers half the upper iris.
- what should the conjunctiva look like?
- smooth, glistening, peach. Minimal blood vessels present.
- What is crusting, swelling, or scales of the eyelid associated with?
- infection
- pterygium
- a growth or thickening of conjunctiva from the inner canthus toward the iris
- Ectropion
- an everted eyelid. it is commonly seen in adults secondary to loss of skin tone. Can lead to excessive drying of the eyes
- Entropion
- an inverted eyelid. Can lead to corneal damage (eyelashes in eyes--ouch!!)
- Ptosis
- drooing of the lid. Could be from stroke or Bells palsy.
- What should the sclara look like?
- should be smooth, glistening, and blue-white in color with tiny vessels visible.
- icteric sclara
- yellow sclera, may be from and elevated bilirubin level
- subconjunctival hemorhage
- may be from trauma or hypertension. Its blood thats visible in the sclera
- what should the cornea look like?
- transparent, smooth, moist.
- arcus senilis
- a white ring encircling the outer rim of the cornea. It is normal.
- PERRLA
- pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation. Its how to chart normal pupils
- exophthalmos
- failure of one or both pupils to accommodate. It is associated with hyperthyroidism.
- What is another reason one or both pupuls may not accommodate?
- problem with cranial nerve III
- Mydriasis
- enlarged pupils. May be seen with glaucoma
- Miosis
- weirdly enough... constricted pupils.
- Anisocoria
- unequal pupils. could be from a stroke or other central nervous system disorders, head trauma, or cranial nerve injuries
- What is Visual Acuity?
- a measure of the eyes ability to detect details of an image
- what do you assess when testing for Visual Acuity?
- assess distant, nearl, peripheral, and color vision.
- How do you test for distance vision?
- with a snellen chart from a distance of 20 feet.
- Myopia
- diminished distance vision. It is associated with a smaller fraction. For example 20/100
- what do the numbers 20/20 mean?
- the first number is the distance that person needs to stand to see the chart, and the second number is the distance that a normal person with perfect vision would need to stand to see the chart
- When does a childs vision reach 20/20?
- not until about 6 or 7 years of age
- Hyperopia
- diminished near vision. The client must hold the paper more than 35.5 cm (14 in) away.
- Presbyopia
- diminished near vision in people over 45.
- Does color blindness have to do with the cones or the rods of your eyes?
- cones.
- How do you test for color blindness?
- Ishihara cards
- What does EOM stand for?
- extraocular muscle
- what are the 3 cranial nerves that controm EOM?
- CN III (oculomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens)
- what are some diseases/disorders that might affect a persons visual field?
- poorly controlled diabetes, cataracts, macular degeneration, advanced glaucoma.