ap euro chap 1 vocab
all dates and vocab
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- Edward III
- King of England who claimed he should inherit France because of his mother.
- Richard III
- murdered brothers son to become king of England on york side of civil war, but gets killed by lancasters
- Frederick the Wise of Saxony
- protects martin luther from H.R.I authorities
- Baldesare Castiglione
- Wrote the courtier, the standard book of manners. dress well, multiple talents carry on intelligent conversations, and pur christian love
- Michaelangelo
- political message little guy can stand up and beat the giant(spain and France)studied corpses illegally
- Felippo Brunelleschi
- Architect of the St. Maria del Fiore in Italy. THE DOME. pride of florence. inspired by the pantheon.
- Martin V
- church councils elect a third pope in Rome. avignon pope can no longer be supported because losing in war, and other rome pope dies. MartinV ends great schism
- pluarlism
- occupying two positions or more at one time
- communion
- catholic- transubstantiation transformed into blood/body. Luther -consubstantiation both bread/body and whine/bread. Zwingli- symbolic. symbolizes
- Henry Tudor/VII
- marries elizabeth of york to strengthen the monarchy and end war of roses
- Catherine of Aragon
- marries but couldnt produce male heir so divorces. had bloody mary
- Pope Clement V
- decided to temporaily move papacy to avignon france
- indulgences
- piece of paper that is bout to forgive your sins
- Battle of Agincourt
- English takes down French mounted knights easily with the long bows. marks end of mounted knight/chivalry
- Edward IV
- had two heirs to the throne, edward V and younger son who were both murdered by brother
- Erasmus
- Dutch, Wrote In Praise of Folly. preached tolerance, critisized the catholic church but still loved it. not saying that the church is wrong; but he thinks it is
- Thomas Cranmer
- archbishop that annuls first marriage
- Charles V. v Schmakaldic League(Protestants)
- charles failed because his empire was too spread out and he was also fighting in the Italian wars.
- Giotto
- Florence, add 3 dimension to his paintings. Ancient art of Greek statues creates more humanist art.
- Henry VIII
- 6 wives. act of supremecy- splits from catholic church
- Thomas Moore
- refused to support anglican church
- taille
- tax on land
- Raphael
- artist during high renaissance
- Philip IV
- King of France, first valois monarch after the Capetian dynasty died out
- thomas cranmer
- annuls marriages
- Anabaptism
- misinterpreted martin luther believing revolt against king because if you didnt believe the laws you didnt have to obey them. always minority religion. adult baptism.
- CHarles VI
- Verk weak, almost lost 100 years war for France, went crazy, believed he was made out of glass wouldnt let anyone touch him.
- Anne of Cleves
- never saw her before they married, turned out she was ugly got annuled after a week.
- Catherine howard
- continued to have afffairs after being married to king, beheaeded
- Christopher Columbus
- colonized new world because of oppurtunities given by isabelle and ferdinand
- Charles VII
- many believed he was illegitimite because of his crazed father, allows joan of arc to lead french troups into battle
- Masaccio
- Florence, first nudes since classical art. secular
- Machiavelli
- Wrote the Prince, sucking up to medici family writing about how to be a good ruler. said you should use religion to your advantage.
- absenteeism
- not being at one of these positions
- guild
- group of different crafts, art, etc. created competitions within cities
- Henry V
- Almost won 100 years war for England
- Thomas Wolsey
- couldnt grant anulment
- Lorenzo the Magnificent
- Greatest patron of Renaissance art
- the great schism
- pope dies, a pope is elected in Avignon and in Rome,they excommunicate each other. leads to rise of dissenters
- Lorenzo Valla
- 1st critical historian, proved the donation of Constantine was false. preached to always question authority
- Catherine Parr
- survived
- charles V
- inherited spain colonies in new world and one half of italy, austria and the low countries because of his grand parents on both sides.
- Thomas Moore
- wrote Utopia a perfect england, pointing out all the flaws
- gabelle
- tax on salt
- Bubonic plague/black death
- disease carried in rats that killed 1/3 of western europe population and ended serfdom in western europe
- Battle of Orleans
- Joan of arc leads French troops to victory, national hero
- Leonardo de Vinci
- ideal renaissance man. last supper, mona lisa.
- Beccaccio
- wrote short stories, collection known as the decameron
- Petrarch
- Sonnet, wrote about his love for laura and not God
- Anne Boleyn
- had elizabeth, but henry was convinced that she was a witch and had her beheaded
- Diet of Worms
- martin luther is excommunicated by catholic church because he is not willing to give up his views. "on the bible i take my stand"
- Dante
- The Divine Comedy(The inferno, Purgatory, Paradise) Virgil(classics) and Beatrice(Pure Christian Love)
- Golden Bull
- document gave right to seven people to elect the H.R.E.
- Jan Hus
- vernacular bible, invited to council of constance where he was promised safety and then burnt at the stake.
- simony
- selling and buying of church offices
- John Calvin
- Pre destination not pre determination. the chosen or the elect.fled from france to geneva switzerland.
- Renaissance man
- broadly knoweldged with specific knowleldge in one area. well rounded.
- Chaucer
- The Canterbury Tales
- Martin Luther
- Middle class high education. Encountered the devil. salvation is acheived by fath alone.
- ULrich Zwingli
- Switzerland. very simple church. communion.
- Lutheranism
- Northern half of Europe and Scandanavia
- John Knox
- he led to presbyterianism in Scotland. Dutch REformed in Netherlands, Huguenots in France, and Puritans in England
- Isabelle of Castille and Ferdinand of ARagon
- join each other to drive out the muslims in Granada
- Donatello
- gay, free standing sculpture
- Henry VI
- very weak king, mental issues long periods of depression
- English civil war
- broke out after the 100 yrs war, between lancasters(red rose) and Yorks(white roses)
- Italian Wars
- Other countries invade italy and see all the amazing things goign on there and bring some of these ideas back to their countries.
- Jane seymour
- truly loved her and provided the son he was looking for Edward, but she died.
- Isabelle de Este
- first lady of the italian renaissance
- John Wycliffe
- lollards, began to critisize the church that they were to concerned with wiealth and politics. vernacular bible
- Peace of Augsburg
- stopped religious fighting in Germany
- Thomas cromwell
- supported anglicanism, confiscated church land and sells it to nobles
- 100 years war
- between france and england, many battles France ends up winning and ending the feudal system in western europe. now centralized monarchy