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Biology Genetics

Terms

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allele
one of two or more possible forms of a gene, each form affecting the hereditary traits somewhat differently
auttosomal
all chromosomes the same.
gene
the fundamental physical unit of hereidty, which transmits a set of speficiations from one geneartion to the next; a segment of DNA that codes for a specific product
Genetics
studies the way herediteary traits are inherited
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism.
Gregor Mendel
studied genetics. 1857-1865 worked with pea plants
heredity
the passing of traist from parent to offspring
heterezygous
having two different allels for a given trait
homozygous dominant
HH.
homozygous recessive
rr.
Law of Dominance
when an orgaism is an hybrid for a certain trait, only the dominant trait can be seen
Law of Segregation
memebers of a gene pair separate into gametes and reconect during fertilization
multiple alleles
some traits have three or more alleles of a gene. ex. human blood type.
pedigree
type of diagramt hat shows the phenotypes of the members of several generations in a family line with respect to a particular trait.
phenotype
the expression of a gentotype in the appearance or function of an ogranism; the observed trait
punnet squareq
helps keep atrack of genes. Reginald Punnet
T.H. Morgan
showed genes are located on chormosomes. FRUIT FLIES 3 pairs autosomes, 1 pair sex chromosomes.
Why did he choose pea plants?
1. two alleles for each trait 2. Distinct characteristics 3. Easy to grow 4. quickly 5. many offspring

Deck Info

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