Biology Genetics
Terms
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- allele
- one of two or more possible forms of a gene, each form affecting the hereditary traits somewhat differently
- auttosomal
- all chromosomes the same.
- gene
- the fundamental physical unit of hereidty, which transmits a set of speficiations from one geneartion to the next; a segment of DNA that codes for a specific product
- Genetics
- studies the way herediteary traits are inherited
- genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism.
- Gregor Mendel
- studied genetics. 1857-1865 worked with pea plants
- heredity
- the passing of traist from parent to offspring
- heterezygous
- having two different allels for a given trait
- homozygous dominant
- HH.
- homozygous recessive
- rr.
- Law of Dominance
- when an orgaism is an hybrid for a certain trait, only the dominant trait can be seen
- Law of Segregation
- memebers of a gene pair separate into gametes and reconect during fertilization
- multiple alleles
- some traits have three or more alleles of a gene. ex. human blood type.
- pedigree
- type of diagramt hat shows the phenotypes of the members of several generations in a family line with respect to a particular trait.
- phenotype
- the expression of a gentotype in the appearance or function of an ogranism; the observed trait
- punnet squareq
- helps keep atrack of genes. Reginald Punnet
- T.H. Morgan
- showed genes are located on chormosomes. FRUIT FLIES 3 pairs autosomes, 1 pair sex chromosomes.
- Why did he choose pea plants?
- 1. two alleles for each trait 2. Distinct characteristics 3. Easy to grow 4. quickly 5. many offspring